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Science And Technology Notes - IAS Preparation

Science and Technology are one of the disciplines of modern science under which, we study the various technologies, their applications, and the development led by these technologies. Science and Technology also include a wide range of topics such as Space Science Technology, Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Defense Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology, E-infrastructure, etc. 

Mains Test Series for UPSC 2026

According to the UPSC Science and Technology Syllabus, an aspirant must have a broad understanding of everything, from theoretical principles and fundamentals of physics, chemistry, and biology to the most recent technological breakthroughs, space flight, and so on. For the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary and Mains Examination Science and Technology syllabus, significant preparation is required. For thorough preparation of the Subject, the following points must be prioritized:

  • Current events in science and technology, including advances, uses, and consequences in everyday life.
  • Indigenization of technology and the development of new technology are examples of Indian achievements in science and technology.
  • IT, space travel, computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and concerns connected to intellectual property rights are all areas where awareness is needed.

These Science And Technology Notes will be useful for the Preparation of the UPSC Civil Services Examination as well as the State PSCs Examinations. Also, these notes are important for all those exams like SSC, NABARD, RBI etc which have Science and Technology as a Subject in it.

Science & Technology Policy in India Scientific Policy Resolution 1958 Science & Technology Policy of 1983
Science & Technology Policy of 2003 Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013 New Initiatives Aligned with the National Agenda
India and World collaboration in science projects Technology Vision Document 2035 National Intellectual Property Rights Policy
Organ donation rules in India Policy on Synthetic Biology The Big Bang Theory
Standard Particle Model of Quantum Mechanics: Inside an Atom Fermions and Bosons: Particles Which Make The Universe The Four Fundamental Forces of Nature
Dark Matter vs Anti-Matter vs Negative Matter Higgs Boson: The God Particle Gravitational Waves
FRP Composite Material And Its Applications Rare Earth Elements (REE): Why are they strategically important? Virus – Definition, Structure, and Types
Stem cell biotechnology Genetically Modified Crops and Regulations in India Ebola Virus Disease – A Challenge to India
Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) and the Red Line Campaign Gene Editing – What is CRISPR-Cas9? Genome India Project (GIP)
Coronavirus (COVID-19): Outbreak, Impact, and Prevention Covid Tests: Different Types of Coronavirus Testing Metaverse – Explained in layman’s terms
Supercomputers: Everything you need to know about Artificial Intelligence (AI): Everything you need to know Blockchain Technology
Automation: Will it kill more jobs in the coming years Malware Types: Virus, Worm, Trojan, Ransomware etc Dark Web (Darknet): Definition, Access, and Threats
Orbits Type Satellite Launching Systems Terminologies Related to the Space Science
Cryogenic Technology GSLV D5, GSAT 14 India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)
Earth Observation Systems Satellite Communication in India Remote sensing applications - IRS Sytems
INSAT Satellite Application GSAT Satellite Application Launch vehicle Technology
GSLV and Various Engine Recent National and International Space Missions Cryogenic rockets
Scramjet Engine GSLV Mk III-D1 OR GSAT-19 Mission ISRO’s World Record PSLV C37 Launch
Global Positioning System Galileo GLONASS
IRNSS GAGAN Chandrayaan – I & II
Mars Orbitor Mission Space Organisations Space race/Space junk
South Asia Satellite: Significance Solar Mission- ADITYA Spitzer Space Telescope
Chandra X-Ray Observatory Multi Application Solar Telescope Thirty Metre Telescope
Resourcesat-2A Astrosat Sunspot
Magnetars Neutron stars Air-breathing propulsion system
Space Junk Graveyard Orbit Super cluster of galaxies known as “Saraswati”
NASA: Asteroid impact and deflection assessment mission Commercial use of Lithium-Ion batterytechnology Hyperspectral imaging satellite
Water propulsion system in CUBESAT Neutrino Observatory Indian Space Vision-2025
Spectrum Management Cyber Law Internet, Types of Network and e- Governance
Spectrum Policy in India Mobile Spectrum Cloud Computing
Big Data Encyption Biometrics
Virtual Reality Digital India Quantum computing
Project brainwave Sagar Vani System Locky Ransomware, Petya, WannaCry
Hindi word for computer i.e., “SANGANAK” India’s first technology and innovation support centre (TISC) Net neutrality
National cyber coordination center Hortnet Digital Transaction Methodologies
Bitcoins Cyber Swachhta Kendra Bharat Net Project
Wi-Fi Technology Digital Terrestrial Television Transmission System Internet of Things

FAQs

Ques: What are resources for Science and technology?

Ans :

For science and technology, the following books and materials should be used.

  • To better understand some fundamental ideas, read the NCERT for classes 11 and 12.
  • One should regularly follow the Press Information Bureau website to keep updated.
  • The Hindu newspaper has a weekly section devoted to science and technology.
  • Preppias web resources provide up to date of current events.

Ques: What are some important topics for UPSC ?

Ans :

Some of important topic for UPSC with cost to benefit ratio are

  • Space science
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Robotics
  • ICT
  • Works of Government organisations such as ISRO, DST, ICAR, CSIR

Ques: How should one prepare science and technology ?

Ans:

Both Paper 1 of the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary General Studies Exam and Paper 3 of the Mains General Studies Exam contain questions about science and technology (GS3). Physics, chemistry, and biology are some of the topics covered in the science section. The application of several sciences is covered in the technology section. All of the most recent technological fields, including biotechnology, information technology, nanotechnology, space technology, and defence technology.

*The article might have information for the previous academic years, please refer the official website of the exam.
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