According to Vroom’s theory of motivation, which one of the following is correct ?
Force = Valence × Expectancy
Option 4 — Force = Valence × Expectancy is correct.
Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (1964) is a process theory of motivation. It proposes that the strength of the motivational force to act depends on the product of two beliefs, so that motivation collapses to zero if either belief is zero.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Force (Motivation) | The strength of the drive to put in effort |
| Valence | The value or attractiveness the person places on the expected reward |
| Expectancy | The perceived probability that effort will lead to the desired outcome |
Vroom expressed this as Force = Valence × Expectancy. The multiplicative form is the key insight: even a highly valued reward produces no motivation if the person believes effort will not achieve it (expectancy = 0), and a highly probable outcome produces no motivation if the reward is worthless to them (valence = 0).
Why the other options are wrong: Options 1, 2 and 3 rearrange the formula to make Valence or Expectancy the dependent term. In Vroom’s model the outcome being explained is the motivational force, so Force must stand alone on the left, equal to Valence multiplied by Expectancy.
Takeaway: Vroom’s motivational force equals Valence times Expectancy.
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Important Questions from Motivation
- Match List I with List Il related to content Theories of Motivation
List I (Exponent) List II (Theory) (a) Abraham Maslow (i) Two-factor Theory (b) Herzberg (ii) Achievement Theory (c) Aldufer (iii) Need Hierarchy Theory (d) Mcclelland (iv) ERG Theory - Mechanistic view of motivation can be characterised as :
(a) S-O-R explanation.
(b) Direction of behaviour is determined by bonds between stimulus and response or habits.
(c) Probability of elicitation of various habits depend upon prior reinforcement contingencies.
(d) Behaviour once elicited persists until the removal of sustaining stimuli. - Which of the following sequence is correct in case of steps in a goal-setting program for students ?
- According to self-determination theory ______ and _____ form the basis for intrinsic motivation.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
List – I
(Concept)List – II
(Explanation)a. Fixed Action Pattern i. When two incompatible response tendencies are simultaneously aroused, the organisms may display behaviours that appear to be irrelevant to the situation. b. Displacement Activity ii. Highly stereotyped responses that are assumed to be genetically programmed reactions that occur in the presence of a particular ‘sign’ stimulus. c. Hedonic Bias iii. A state in which a person performs an action because the act itself is satisfying or rewarding internally. d. Intrinsic motivation iv. Tendency to take more credit for success than to take responsibility for failure.
