Arrange the major steps of Luthan's O.B. Mod approach to behavioral performance management from earlier to later A. Measure B. Identity C. Intervene D. Analyse E. Evaluate Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
B, A, D, C, E
B, A, D, C, E — option 4: Identify, Measure, Analyse, Intervene, Evaluate.
What O.B. Mod is. Organisational Behaviour Modification, developed by Fred Luthans and Robert Kreitner, applies the principles of operant conditioning to the workplace. Its premise is that behaviour is a function of its consequences, so performance is improved by managing what follows a behaviour rather than by trying to change attitudes directly. It deals only with observable, measurable, performance-related behaviour — not with inner states.
| Order | Step | What is done |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | B — Identify | Pinpoint the critical behaviours that make the biggest difference to performance. They must be observable, countable and genuinely linked to results |
| 2 | A — Measure | Establish a baseline frequency — how often the behaviour occurs now. Without this there is nothing to compare against later |
| 3 | D — Analyse | Functional analysis of antecedents and consequences — the A-B-C framework. What cues the behaviour, and what consequence is currently maintaining it? Undesirable behaviour usually persists because something is rewarding it |
| 4 | C — Intervene | Change the consequences to strengthen desired behaviour — positive reinforcement above all, and also shaping, feedback and social recognition |
| 5 | E — Evaluate | Measure again and compare with the baseline to confirm the behaviour and the performance actually improved; if not, return to the analysis |
The two anchors make the sequence easy: you cannot measure a behaviour before you have identified which one to measure, and evaluation can only follow the intervention. Fixing B first and E last leaves only option 4.
Why analysis before intervention matters. This is the step managers skip. Without the functional analysis, an intervention treats the symptom — and often the existing consequence keeps rewarding exactly the behaviour the manager is trying to remove.
Luthans’s emphasis on positive reinforcement. O.B. Mod deliberately relies on reinforcing desired behaviour rather than punishing undesired behaviour, because punishment suppresses behaviour only while the punisher is present, produces resentment, and teaches what not to do without teaching what to do.
Hence, the answer is B, A, D, C, E.
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