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(Source: The Indian Express, 09/21/2023)
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Why in the news?
- Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister inaugurated the 108-foot-tall ‘Statue of Oneness’(Ekatmata Ki Pratima) of Adi Shankaracharya at Omkareshwar on September 21.
- The statue depicts Shankaracharya as a 12-year-old child when he is said to have visited Omkareshwar.
![Adi Shankaracharya]()
More About the Statue and other development projects
- On February 9, 2017, CM of MP announced the construction of a 108-foot-tall Adi Shankaracharya statue, a Shankar museum, and the Acharya Shankar International Institute of Advaita Vedanta at Omkareshwar.
- Larsen and Toubro Company was given the contract to construct the Statue of Oneness.
- The multi-metal Adi Shankaracharya statue is installed at Mandhata Parvat hill, facing southwards towards the Narmada river.
- This statue stands atop a 54-feet pedestal, supported by a 27-feet lotus petal base which is made of red stone.
- It is made up of bronze that contains 88% copper, 4% zinc and 8% tin and its internal structure is made up of high-quality steel.
- At the base of the statue is the Shankar Stambh, which features wooden domes and stone pillars with “carvings depicting 32 stories related to Acharya Shankar.”
- Vasudeo Kamath, a graduate of the J. J. School of Art in Mumbai, created the conceptual sketch and painting of the statue.
Other Development projects along with the statue:
- The statue will be accompanied by Ekatma Dham, which will include the Advaita Lok museum, built to “showcase the life and philosophy of Acharya Shankar through exhibits reflecting the message of Advaita Vedanta.
- The Acharya Shankar International Institute of Advaita Vedanta is being built to “promote the study and understanding of Advaita Vedanta”.
- The research centres include the Centres for Advaita Philosophy, which will be featured.
- The Maharshi Vedavyasa Advaita Library will also be built.
Who was Adi Shakaracharya?
![Adi Shankara]()
- Adi Shankara, Indian philosopher and saint, who is believed to have lived between 788 and 820 AD, was born in Kerela’s Kaladi, situated on the bank of the Periyar River.
- He became a sanyasin at an early age and left his Brahmin household, where he is said to have made his way to Omkareshwar.
- Here, he studied under his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada and soon became a proponent of Advaita Vedanta, challenging prevailing philosophical traditions – including Buddhism and Jainism.
- Major literature works of Adi Shakaracharya:
- commentaries on the Brahma-sutra
- the principal Upanishads
- The Upadeshasahasri
- Vivekachudamani
- Maneesha Panchakam
- Saundaryalahiri
- Shankara is said to have founded four Maths(monasteries), at Shringeri (south), Puri (east), Dvaraka (west), and Badarinatha (north).
What is Adi Shakaracjjarya’s Philosophy?
- He was a proponent of Advaita-vaad/ Advaita Vedanta/ Non dualism.
- It recognizes a unity in multiplicity, identity between individual and pure consciousness, and the experienced world as having no existence apart from Brahman, which is the reality of all things..
- Post-Shankara Advaita Vedanta rests on four foundational principles: (i) the illusoriness of jīvatva, individuality; (ii) a two-level reality; (iii) ajñāna as the conjoint cause of the world; and (iv) the non-duality of Consciousness.
- He also gave the concept of Nirgunabrahman (god without attributes).
- Among his most famous lines are 'Brahma Satyam Jagat Mithya Jivo Brahmatra Naparaha,' which means "The Absolute Spirit is the reality, the world of appearance is Maya," and 'Ekameva Adviteeyam Brahma,' which means "The absolute is one alone, not two."
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Why is Mandhata island considered an important religious destination?
- The Mandhata island, nestled on the Narmada River, is home to two of the 12 Jyotirlingas – Omkareshwara (located on the south side of the island) and Amareshwara. The area is close to Mahakaleshwara Jyotirlinga at Ujjain, located 110 km to the northwest.
- The name ‘Omkareshwar’ is derived from the shape of the island, which resembles the sacred syllable ‘Om’, and its name means ‘the Lord of Omkara’.
What is Jyotirlingas?
![Jyotirlingas]()
- The Hindu mythological literature, Puranas, say that Lord Shiva pierced the world as an endless pillar of light, called the jyotirlinga.
- There are 12 jyotirlinga sites in India that are considered a manifestation of Shiva.
- Besides Mahakal in Ujjain, these include Somnath and Nageshwar in Gujarat, Mallikarjuna in Andhra Pradesh, Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh, Kedarnath in Uttarakhand, Bhimashankar, Triyambakeshwar and Grishneshwar in Maharashtra, Viswanath at Varanasi, Baidyanath in Jharkhand, and Rameshwar in Tamil Nadu.
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FAQs
Question: Who was Adi Shakaracharya?
Answer:
- Adi Shankara, Indian philosopher and saint, who is believed to have lived between 788 and 820 AD, was born in Kerela’s Kaladi, situated on the bank of the Periyar River.
- He became a sanyasin at an early age and left his Brahmin household, where he is said to have made his way to Omkareshwar.
Question: What is the concept of non-dualism?
Answer:
- Adi Shankara was a proponent of Advaita-vaad/ Advaita Vedanta/ Non dualism.
- It recognizes a unity in multiplicity, identity between individual and pure consciousness, and the experienced world as having no existence apart from Brahman, which is the reality of all things..
MCQs
Quesion: With reference to Adi Shankaracharya, consider the following statements:
- He is credited with the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.
- The followers of Shankaracharya are called Smratas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) Neither
Answer: (a) See the Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: He is associated with Maya Theory, Advaita Vedanata (Non-Dualism). This doctrine is based on the concept that the higher or true Self is identical to Brahman, the Absolute Reality. In Advaita Vedanta, Jnana yoga is the path of knowledge to Moksha, or liberation from the cycle of life, death and rebirth. This doctrine also believes that Moksha can be achieved in this life (Jivanmukthi) in contrast to other Indian philosophies that emphasize videhamukti, or Moksha after death
Statement 2 is correct: The followers of Shankaracharya are known as Smratas.
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