Match List - I with List - II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :List - I
(Social Scientists) List - II
(Framework Theory)A. McGuire I. Balance Theory of attitude change B. Rokeach II. Framework of cultural dimensions C. Hofstede III. Framework of values D. Heider IV. Matrix of attitudinal change
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
The correct matching is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I — option 1.
| Scientist | Contribution | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| A. William McGuire | IV — Matrix of attitudinal change | His communication-persuasion matrix sets the inputs of a persuasive message — source, message, channel, receiver, destination — against the successive outputs a receiver must pass through: exposure, attention, comprehension, yielding, retention and action. Persuasion fails if any step fails, however good the message |
| B. Milton Rokeach | III — Framework of values | The Rokeach Value Survey distinguishes terminal values — desirable end-states such as freedom, equality, a comfortable life — from instrumental values, the preferred modes of conduct such as honesty, ambition and responsibility |
| C. Geert Hofstede | II — Framework of cultural dimensions | From a very large IBM employee study: power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and later long-term orientation and indulgence-restraint |
| D. Fritz Heider | I — Balance Theory of attitude change | The P-O-X model: a person (P), another person (O) and an object (X) form a triad that is balanced when the product of the three relations is positive. Imbalance is uncomfortable, and attitudes shift to restore balance — which is why we tend to like what our friends like |
How to solve it. Hofstede with cultural dimensions is the single most familiar pairing in organisational behaviour, and Heider with balance theory is nearly as well known. Fixing C-II and D-I leaves only option 1, without needing to distinguish McGuire from Rokeach.
Why these frameworks matter to management. Hofstede’s dimensions underlie almost all work on cross-cultural management — a leadership or reward practice that works in a low-power-distance, individualist country may fail in a high-power-distance, collectivist one. Rokeach’s survey is used to study person-organisation value fit. McGuire and Heider belong to attitude research, which underpins advertising, organisational communication and change management — all of which are attempts to change attitudes.
Heider is also the origin of attribution theory, the study of how people explain behaviour by internal or external causes — another staple of organisational behaviour.
Hence, the answer is A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.
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Edge in terms of skills, knowledge and abilities
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My Boat Attitude
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Shared Boat Attitude
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