The operant conditioning or learning approach to behaviour is based on __________.
Law of effect
Operant (also called instrumental) conditioning is the learning approach in which behaviour is shaped by its consequences, and the question asks for the foundational principle on which it was built.
Its base is the Law of Effect, first stated by Edward Thorndike. The law says that responses which are followed by satisfying or rewarding consequences become more likely to be repeated, while responses followed by unpleasant consequences become less likely. B.F. Skinner later developed operant conditioning directly on this idea, adding the systematic use of reinforcement and punishment to strengthen or weaken behaviour.
Examining the distractors: the 'law of reinforcement' names the mechanism Skinner emphasised, but it is itself an outgrowth and application of the law of effect rather than the original foundation. A 'law of reproduction' is not a recognised learning principle in this context. The 'law of expectations' belongs to cognitive expectancy theories of motivation, where behaviour depends on anticipated outcomes, not to operant conditioning.
So the principle underlying the operant/learning approach is the law of effect.
Hence the answer is the Law of Effect.
Similar Questions
‘Contact Hypothesis’ is based on the belief that :
The process by which sensory information is actively organised and interpreted by brain, is called :
A relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual's behaviour is known as :
The principles by which the process of perceptual organization works was first identified by Max Wertheimer in the year __________.
Assertion (A): Attribution theory is based on relationship between personal perception and interpersonal behaviour.
Reasoning (R): Since most 'whys' are not directly observable, people must depend upon cognitions, particularly perception.
Codes:
Consider the following statements:
(a) The sensation-thinking personalities are very emotional and focussed towards past.
(b) The intuition-thinking personalities are very futuristic, imaginative and creative.
(c) The sensation-feeling personalities are very unkeen observers, non-methodical and problem-creators.
(d) The intuition-feeling personalities are very people-oriented, possessing personal charm and enthusiasm.
In light of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Test, which of the above statements are true?
An aspect of personality which is responsible for dealing with reality; functions in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind; and where the reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or abandon an impulse is called:
Match the following:
List - I List - II a. Evaluative statements or judgements concerning objects, people or events i. Attitudes b. The opinion or belief segment of an attitude ii. Cognitive Component c. The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude iii. Affective Component d. An intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something iv. Behavioural component As per Rokeach value survey, which of the following is not an instrumental value?
Note: This question was dropped by UGC and marks were awarded to all candidates; the answer below is the best-reasoned one.
When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs, we are using the shortcut, called ________
Important Questions from Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions
- Attitude which is conscious and easy to report is called _________.
- Frend believed that at times Ego is unable to control impulses of ID so uses various defense mechanism such as :
(A) Fixation
(B) Repression
(C) Rationalization
(D) Displacement
(E) Projection
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : Match List - I with List - II.
List - I List - II (A) Perception (I) Vinnana (B) Consciousness (II) Vedana (C) Fellings (III) Sanna (D) Body (IV) Rupa Which one of the following is the description of Ego Regression Mechanism?
‘Contact Hypothesis’ is based on the belief that :
