The National Action Plan On Climate Change was developed by the Union Government in order to reduce the effects of climate change and prepare for it. It aims to increase public understanding of the threat posed by climate change and the efforts being taken to combat it among community members, members of the public, representatives of various government agencies, scientists, and business leaders. The foundation of the National action plan is made up of eight "National Missions." The heart of the NAPCC is made up of eight national missions, each of which represents a multifaceted, long-term, and integrated strategy for attaining important climate change objectives. It includes missions such as National Solar Mission, The National Mission For Enhanced Energy Efficiency, National Mission On Sustainable Habitat, National Water Mission, and more. This article will explain to you about India’s National Action Plan On Climate Change (NAPCC) which will be helpful in preparing the Environment Syllabus for the UPSC Civil Service exam.

Eight Missions Under NAPCC

National Solar Mission

• The National Solar Mission is sometimes known as the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM).
• It is a project of the Central and State Governments of India to develop solar power in that country.
• The National Solar Mission is one of the eight climate missions of the Indian government under the NAPCC (National Action Plan on Climate Change) mitigation strategy.
• The National Solar Mission, which was first introduced in January 2010 and has since undergone two revisions, now claims a target of 100 GW of solar PV by 2022.
• By establishing the policy framework for its widespread deployment, JNNSM aims to position India as a solar energy leader on a worldwide scale.

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Solar Mission

The National Mission For Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)

• The mission's main objective is to boost the market for energy efficiency by establishing supportive laws and policies.
• The National Mission For Enhanced Energy Efficiency also plans to support new, environmentally friendly business models for the energy efficiency industry.
• The Indian government set out on this objective to encourage the development of cutting-edge market tools and regulations to advance the energy efficiency market.
• The Energy Conservation Act of 2001 served as the foundation for the launch of this mission.
• This law is intended to address issues related to or incidental to the efficient use of energy, its conservation, and related problems.

*To know more about the topic, click this link The National Mission For Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)

National Mission On Sustainable Habitat

• The National Mission On Sustainable Habitat was launched in the year 2010 and is governed by the Ministry of Urban Development.
• It was intended to make cities more sustainable by enhancing building energy efficiency, improving the management of solid and liquid waste, encouraging the use of public transportation, and promoting conservation through the proper modifications to the legal and regulatory framework.
• The Mission on Sustainable Habitat, which is being carried out through the Ministry of Urban Development's 4 flagship missions/ programs, has not received any specific funding and is not currently seeking any.
• The four flagship missions include:
  • Atal Mission on Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
  • Swachh Bharat Mission
  • Smart Cities Mission
  • Urban Transport Program

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Mission On Sustainable Habitat

National Water Mission (NWM)

• Through integrated water resource development and management, the primary objective of NWM is "conservation of water, avoiding wastage, and guaranteeing its more fair distribution both among and within States."
• The Mission will take into account the National Water Policy's requirements and create a framework to optimize water use by boosting water use efficiency by 20% via regulatory mechanisms with various entitlements and pricing.
• There are two volumes in the National Water Mission document.
• The first volume covers the financial requirements for the mission, the necessary R&D, monitoring of the mission, and the makeup of the numerous committees needed to carry out this objective.
• The reports produced by the six separate subcommittees are covered in the second volume of the mission document.

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Water Mission (NWM)

National Mission For Sustaining The Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE)

• The National Mission For Sustaining The Himalayan Ecosystem was launched in the year 2010 and is governed by the Ministry of Science And Technology.
• The National Mission on Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) is the only area-specific mission among the NAPCC's eight National Missions.
• The mission's most important and main aim is to expand a sustainable national capacity to regularly monitor the health of the Himalayan Ecosystem, support policy-making bodies in their work, and help States in the Indian Himalayan Region carry out the actions chosen for sustainable development.
• The Himalayan states and the Union Territories that are covered under the National Mission For Sustaining The Himalayan Ecosystem include:
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim
  • Arunachal Pradesh
  • Nagaland
  • Manipur
  • Mizoram
  • Tripura
  • Meghalaya
  • Assam
  • West Bengal
  • Jammu and Kashmir
  • Ladhak

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Mission For Sustaining The Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE)

National Mission For A Green India

• The National Mission For A Green India, sometimes known as the National Green India Mission (GIM) was launched as part of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NAPCC).
• The Green India Mission seeks to mitigate climate change while maintaining, restoring, and improving India's forest cover.
• With a combination of adaptation and mitigation techniques, GIM also works to protect, restore, and enhance India's declining forest cover.
• It has a one-year preparatory phase, which is distinct from other NAPCC missions that are described in the associated missions.

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Mission For A Green India

National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

• The National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) was one of eight missions the Prime Minister launched as part of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NAPCC).
• The reduction of the effects of climate change is greatly aided by changes in agricultural practices.
• The goal of the National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture is to increase agricultural productivity, particularly in rainfed regions, by emphasizing integrated farming, efficient water use, managing soil health, and coordinating resource conservation.
• NMSA has the following four major program components or activities:
  • Rainfed Area Development
  • On Farm Water Management
  • Soil Health Management
  • Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture: Monitoring, Modeling, and Networking

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC)

• The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC) was intended to establish a strong network with existing knowledge institutions that can support capacity building and improve understanding of important climate processes and dangers.
• The mission's main goal is to create a dynamic and vibrant knowledge system that supports and informs national policy and action for effectively addressing climate change concerns without sacrificing the country's growth objectives.

Major Objectives

• Creation of Knowledge Networks: To create knowledge networks among the current knowledge institutions involved in climate science research and development and promote data sharing and exchange through an appropriate institutional structure.
• Creation of International Technology Monitoring Organizations: To create international technology monitoring organizations with the institutional resources to conduct studies on the selection of technologies for development that reduce risk.
• Increment in the Country’s Capacity in Stimulation: To increase the country's capacity to simulate the regional effects of climate change on various ecological zones for various seasons and living conditions.

*To know more about the topic, click this link The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC)

National Bio-Energy Mission

• The National Bio-Energy Mission was approved in the year 2017 by the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy.
• This national mission will work to build a bio-energy city project, enhance energy efficiency in conventional biomass-consuming sectors, and offer logistical support to biomass processing facilities.
• Bioenergy is a form of renewable energy produced from organic components that have biological origins.
• It is the energy produced from biomass, which includes materials like bagasse, cotton stalks, coconut wood, and other plants.

*To know more about the topic, click this link National Bio-Energy Mission

NAPCC- Challenges

• No Pledge on Removal of Carbon Emissions: The plan report does not include a pledge to reduce the nation's carbon emissions, which ought to have been a key component of it.
• Sole Focus on Maximizing Solar Output: The government's efforts to maximize solar energy appear to support the NAPCC's sole focus on the solar power mission.
• Partial Priority: The county could have produced quick and obvious results if it had given all missions the same amount of priority and resources.
• Retarded Movement: Sustainable habitat, water, agricultural, and forestry missions are advisory in nature, cross-cutting, multi-departmental, and multi-sectoral. They also move very slowly.
• Practical Constraints: A number of ongoing projects that, in theory, support the goals of these missions should either be absorbed into them or abandoned to save time and money.
• Monitoring Systems: The monitoring systems, which are either nonexistent or ineffective, present another difficulty.
• Progress Reports: Although there are currently published progress reports for NSM, NMEEE, and NWM, it has proven challenging to chart the progress of other missions because of their cross-cutting nature.

Conclusion

While these challenges have received criticism, they also give us the opportunity to talk about how to deal with climate change in India and determine the best course of action for mainstreaming climate change. India also has the opportunity to make paramount changes because it is still in the early stages of development and makes minimal contribution to the climatic conditions that are changing. By utilizing cutting-edge and new technology, it can advance to a low-carbon economy.