Which stage of the conflict process entails ‘Perceived conflict’ and ‘Felt conflict’ ?
Cognition and personalisation
The conflict process is usually set out in five stages: potential opposition or incompatibility, cognition and personalisation, intentions, behaviour, and outcomes. The question asks which stage contains the two named forms of conflict.
Perceived conflict and felt conflict both belong to the cognition and personalisation stage, the second in the sequence. The distinction between them is important. Perceived conflict means one or more parties become aware that the conditions for conflict exist - it is a cognitive recognition. Felt conflict goes further: the parties become emotionally involved, experiencing anxiety, tension, frustration or hostility. This is why the stage carries both names, cognition for the perception and personalisation for the emotional involvement that makes the conflict personal.
The stage matters because it is here that the issues are defined, and how the parties frame the problem at this point shapes the settlements possible later. The intentions stage is where the parties decide how to act, choosing among competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding and accommodating. The behaviour stage is where conflict becomes visible in statements and actions. The outcomes stage covers the consequences, whether functional or dysfunctional for the group.
Hence perceived and felt conflict belong to the cognition and personalisation stage.
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