A 42-year-old male with chronic kidney disease undergoing chronic dialysis presents with worsening breathlessness. Examination reveals muffled heart sounds. Chest X-ray image is shown below (enlarged, globular cardiac silhouette). What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?
Pericardial effusion
Chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis are prone to uremic pericarditis with pericardial effusion, which classically presents with breathlessness and muffled/distant heart sounds. The chest X-ray typically shows an enlarged, globular ('water-bottle') cardiac silhouette rather than the findings seen with pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pulmonary embolism.
Important Questions from Renal Failure
Which of the following statements are correct regarding anti-glomerular basement membrane disease?
1. It is a rare autoimmune disease which presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
2. Antibodies are formed against $α3$ chain of type 4 collagen GBM.
3. The $α3$ chain is expressed in basement membrane of glomerulus and the retina.
4. The disease may be associated with retinal hemorrhage when it is known as Goodpasture syndrome.
Select the answer using the code given below :
Which of the following are poor prognostic indictators in glomerular disease?
1. Female sex
2. Hypertension
3. Persistent and severe proteinuria
4. Elevated creatinine levels at presentation
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following are indications for a renal biopsy?
1. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology
2. Nephritic syndrome
3. Uncontrolled severe hypertension
4. Renal transplant dysfunction
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- Which of the following is the correct range of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for Stage 2 chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following drugs are effective in preventing uric acid nephropathy in patients receiving chemotherapy?
1. Probenecid
2. Forced saline diuresis
3. Rasburicase
4. Acetazolamide
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
