Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R: Assertion A : Kyoto Protocol exempted countries such as India and China from rolling back their Greenhouse Gas emissions by about 5% below 1990 levels by 2012. Reason R : Exemption was given to India and China as their contribution to total Green House Gas emissions of the world was insignificant in 1997. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A is true but R is false
To solve this question, we need to analyze the validity of both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) and determine the correct relationship between them. Let's break it down:
- Understanding the Assertion (A): The statement claims that the Kyoto Protocol exempted countries such as India and China from reducing their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by about 5% below 1990 levels by 2012. This is factually correct. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, imposed binding emission reduction targets only on developed countries under the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities." Developing countries, including India and China, were not given mandatory reduction targets.
- Understanding the Reason (R): The reason provided is that the exemption was because India's and China's contributions to the total GHG emissions were insignificant in 1997. This statement is incorrect. While both countries were not given emission reduction targets, the reason was not because their emissions were insignificant. Instead, the exemption was based on the equity principle and their status as developing countries, despite China already being a major emitter by 1997.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis, we can conclude:
- Assertion (A) is true as per the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol.
- Reason (R) is false because the exemption rationale was not due to insignificant emissions but due to the equitable framework adopted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), recognizing the different capabilities and responsibilities of developed and developing countries.
Thus, the correct answer is: A is true but R is false.
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