Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning because it :
Involves voluntary responses
Classical conditioning, as demonstrated by Pavlov, involves involuntary, reflexive responses (like salivation) that are automatically triggered by a paired stimulus.
Operant conditioning, as described by Skinner, is fundamentally different because it involves voluntary responses — behaviours an organism actively chooses to perform, which are then strengthened or weakened based on their consequences (reinforcement or punishment).
Being reflexive or automatic describes classical conditioning, not operant conditioning, and operant conditioning does require reinforcement to shape behaviour, so those options do not capture the real distinction.
Hence, operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning because it involves voluntary responses.
Thorndike's Trial and error learning is limited because it:
A student who stops participating after harsh criticism demonstrates limitation of:
A facilitator who combines group discussion and reinforcement, is using :
Operant conditioning mainly deals with :
Continuous reinforcement produces behaviour that :
A Grade 8 student improves test performance only when praised publicly. This best illustrates :
Negative reinforcement differs from punishment because it :
Which of Thorndike's primary laws of learning suggests that a response followed by a satisfying state of affairs is more likely to recur when the situation is repeated ?
Thorndike's 'Trial-and-Error' theory implies that learning is the result of establishing connections between :
A student improves handwriting after repeated practice. This reflects Thorndike's :
Thorndike's Trial and error learning is limited because it:
A student who stops participating after harsh criticism demonstrates limitation of: