Which of the following correctly identifies the Achal swaras in Indian classical music, known for having fixed pitch positions without any altered forms?
Sa and Pa
In Indian classical music, swaras are classified as Achal (immovable/fixed) or Chal (movable), based on whether they have any shuddha, komal, or tivra variant.
Sa (the tonic) and Pa (the fifth) are the only two swaras that always remain at a fixed pitch position and have no altered forms, which is why they are called Achal swaras.
Re, Ga, Ma, Dha, and Ni are all Chal swaras since each has at least one altered (komal or tivra) form.
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