Arrange the Model of Organisation Development Process of H.M.F Rush in proper sequence from beginning to end. A. Problem Recognition B. Organization diagnosis C. Feed back for change strategy D. Interventions E. Measurement and Evaluation Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A, B, C, E, D
A, B, C, E, D — option 2, as recorded in the official NTA key.
What organisation development is. A planned, organisation-wide effort, managed from the top, to increase effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organisation’s processes, using behavioural-science knowledge. H. M. F. Rush set out its process as a cycle.
| Order | Step | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A — Problem recognition | Someone with authority perceives that something is wrong — falling performance, conflict, high turnover, resistance to change — and accepts that it needs addressing |
| 2 | B — Organisation diagnosis | Systematic data collection by the change agent — surveys, interviews, observation, records — to establish what is actually happening, as against what was assumed |
| 3 | C — Feedback for change strategy | The diagnostic data are fed back to the client group and jointly interpreted, and a change strategy is agreed. This step is essential to OD’s method: the client must own the diagnosis, or nothing will be implemented |
| 4 | E — Measurement and evaluation | Establishing the measures against which the effort will be judged |
| 5 | D — Interventions | The planned activities themselves — team building, survey feedback, process consultation, sensitivity training, role analysis, structural change |
A note on the ordering. The first three steps are not in dispute: recognition, then diagnosis, then feedback and strategy. The key places measurement and evaluation before interventions. Many expositions of Rush’s model place interventions fourth and evaluation last, treating evaluation as the closing of the loop. The reading behind the key is that the measures must be fixed before intervening, so that change can be assessed against a baseline — the same principle as in Luthans’s O.B. Mod. The answer recorded here follows the official key.
The characteristics of OD worth carrying: it is planned and long-range; it is system-wide, not aimed at one individual; it is managed from the top; it uses a change agent, internal or external; it rests on action research — diagnose, act, evaluate, repeat; and it works through participation, since its underlying values are collaboration, openness and trust rather than authority.
Hence, the answer is A, B, C, E, D.
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Organizational culture refers to qualities of the workplace itself that influence its employees, whereas Organizational behavior refers to the resulting behavior of the people within it. Organizational culture includes factors such as core values, the company’s mission statement and expectations of the employees. It defines the identity and how it wants to be perceived.
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