The presence of which of the following is suggestive of metastatic spread of an underlying gastrointestinal malignancy? 1. Krukenberg Tumour 2. Virchow's Node 3. Meigs' Syndrome 4. Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1, 2 and 4
Krukenberg tumour (ovarian metastasis from GI cancer), Virchow's node (left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis), and Sister Mary Joseph's nodule (periumbilical metastatic nodule) are all classic signs of metastatic spread from an underlying GI malignancy. Meigs' syndrome, in contrast, refers to a benign ovarian fibroma with ascites and pleural effusion and is not a marker of malignant spread. Hence 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
With regard to Helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease, consider the following statements:
1. Proton-pump inhibitor is taken with two antibiotics.
2. Treatment is prescribed for at least 7 days.
3. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection leads to vitamin B12 deficiency.
4. Patients requiring long-term NSAIDS should undergo Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to reduce ulcer risk.
Which of the statements given above are correct?