A 30-year-old female with irritable bowel syndrome presents with predominant symptom of diarrhea. Which of the following will be helpful in her treatment? 1. Loperamide 2. Lactulose 3. Lubiprostone 4. Sorbitol Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1 only
Loperamide is an anti-motility agent used to control diarrhea and is appropriate for diarrhea-predominant IBS. Lactulose, Lubiprostone, and Sorbitol are all laxatives/osmotic agents used for constipation and would worsen diarrhea, making them inappropriate here. Hence only statement 1 is correct.
'Melanosis coli' (brownish discoloration of colonic mucosa) can occur due to the long-term consumption of which one of the following?
The '13C-urea breath test' and the 'faecal antigen test' are non-invasive techniques to diagnose infection with which one of the following?
Patients suffering from which of the following condition(s) can get symptomatic relief by consuming a gluten-free diet?
1. Coeliac disease
2. Peptic ulcer disease
3. Dermatitis herpetiformis
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding Ménétrier's disease:
1. There is excessive production of Transforming Growth Factor-alpha (TGF-alpha).
2. Majority of the patients present with features of protein-losing enteropathy.
3. Mucus secreting cells are replaced by parietal and chief cells.
4. The mucosal folds of the body and fundus of the stomach are greatly enlarged.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Barrett's Oesophagus':
1. It is a pre-malignant condition.
2. The normal columnar mucosa of lower oesophagus is replaced by squamous cells.
3. It is an adaptive response to chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The presence of which of the following is suggestive of metastatic spread of an underlying gastrointestinal malignancy?
1. Krukenberg Tumour
2. Virchow's Node
3. Meigs' Syndrome
4. Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Risk scoring system used to stratify the patients of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding to predict the need for intervention to treat bleeding is: