The '13C-urea breath test' and the 'faecal antigen test' are non-invasive techniques to diagnose infection with which one of the following?
Helicobacter pylori
The 13C-urea breath test relies on the urease activity of Helicobacter pylori, and the stool/faecal antigen test detects H. pylori antigens in stool. Both are standard non-invasive tests used to diagnose H. pylori infection, a major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastritis.
With regard to Helicobacter pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease, consider the following statements:
1. Proton-pump inhibitor is taken with two antibiotics.
2. Treatment is prescribed for at least 7 days.
3. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection leads to vitamin B12 deficiency.
4. Patients requiring long-term NSAIDS should undergo Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to reduce ulcer risk.
Which of the statements given above are correct?