The call for ‘renunciation of (all) voluntary associations with the (British) Government’ was given during
Non-Cooperation Movement
Understanding Renunciation in Indian Independence Struggle
The question asks about the historical period when the call was made for people to give up their voluntary associations with the British Government. This concept, the 'renunciation of all voluntary associations with the British Government', was a significant strategy employed during India's struggle for independence. It essentially meant a boycott of British institutions, goods, and honours.
Let's look at the options provided and see which movement best fits this description.
Analyzing the Options and the Call for Renunciation
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Non-Cooperation Movement: Launched in 1920, this movement was a major turning point. Led by Mahatma Gandhi, it explicitly called for non-cooperation with the British government through various means. The program of the Non-Cooperation Movement included:
- Surrender of titles and honours granted by the British.
- Boycott of British courts and government schools.
- Boycott of foreign goods.
- Refusal to attend government functions.
- Resignation from government service (in some cases).
- Civil Disobedience Movement: This movement, beginning notably with the Salt March in 1930, involved breaking specific laws deemed unjust. While it also included elements of non-cooperation and boycott, the central theme was civil disobedience – the deliberate and peaceful violation of laws. The call for 'renunciation of all voluntary associations' was more the defining characteristic of the Non-Cooperation Movement's strategy to undermine the government's authority through withdrawal of support.
- Quit India Movement: Launched in 1942 during World War II, this movement demanded an immediate end to British rule in India ("Quit India"). It was characterized by mass protests and acts of defiance, but the core demand was the complete withdrawal of the British, rather than a focused program of renouncing associations, which was a hallmark of the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement.
- Protest against partition of Bengal: The protest against the partition of Bengal (1905) gave rise to the Swadeshi Movement. This movement focused heavily on the boycott of British goods and the promotion of Indian (Swadeshi) products and institutions. While boycott of goods is a form of renunciation of association (with British trade), the call for 'renunciation of all voluntary associations with the Government' was a broader and more encompassing programme seen during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Comparing the movements, the core philosophy and detailed program of the Non-Cooperation Movement align most directly and comprehensively with the call for the 'renunciation of all voluntary associations with the British Government'. It aimed at dismantling British power and influence by withdrawing Indian participation and support from their systems.
Conclusion
Based on the nature and program of each movement, the call for the 'renunciation of (all) voluntary associations with the (British) Government' was a central theme and strategy of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
| Movement | Primary Focus/Strategy | Relation to 'Renunciation of Associations' |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Cooperation Movement | Non-cooperation, withdrawal of support from British institutions | Direct call for boycotting government schools, courts, titles, jobs - a comprehensive renunciation. |
| Civil Disobedience Movement | Peaceful breaking of specific laws (e.g., salt laws) | Included boycotts, but primary focus was law-breaking. |
| Quit India Movement | Immediate end to British rule, mass protest | Demand for complete withdrawal, less focus on systematic renunciation of associations as a primary tactic. |
| Protest against Partition of Bengal (Swadeshi) | Boycott of foreign goods, promotion of Indian goods/institutions | Focused on economic boycott and self-reliance, a form of renunciation but narrower than 'all voluntary associations'. |
Revision Table: Indian National Movements
| Movement Name | Approximate Period | Key Leaders (Prominent) |
|---|---|---|
| Protest against Partition of Bengal (Swadeshi) | 1905-1908 | Surendranath Banerjee, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
| Non-Cooperation Movement | 1920-1922 | Mahatma Gandhi, C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru, Ali Brothers |
| Civil Disobedience Movement | 1930-1934 | Mahatma Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari |
| Quit India Movement | 1942-1944 | Mahatma Gandhi (led the call), Aruna Asaf Ali, Jayaprakash Narayan |
Additional Information on Non-Cooperation Movement Tactics
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was designed to protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the injustices of the Rowlatt Act. Mahatma Gandhi envisioned it as a non-violent (ahimsa) and truthful (satya) resistance. The call for 'renunciation of associations' was central to the 'non-cooperation' aspect. It was a way to refuse participation in the British system of governance and administration, thereby making it difficult for the British to rule India.
Specific actions included:
- Students leaving government-run schools and colleges to join national institutions.
- Lawyers giving up their practices in British courts.
- People returning their government titles and awards.
- Boycotting elections to the legislative councils set up by the British.
- Boycotting foreign cloth and promoting Khadi.
This widespread withdrawal from association was a powerful political tool aimed at pressuring the British government by demonstrating the lack of Indian consent and participation in their rule.
Similar Questions
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Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Who among the following didnotbelong to the group of 'No-Changers'?
The creation of a Federal court in India was advocated by which of the following Acts/Commissions?
Match List-I wish List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
List-I (Act/ Event)
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Important Questions from National movement (1919 - 1939)
Chauri Chaura incident occurred in which year ______.
Match the following events of 1920 with their dates before the Non- Co-operation Movement.
a. Political Conference of Raipur i. April 1920 b. Anti Rowlatt Act Black
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in Rajnandgaoniii. 17 March 1920 d. Meeting of leaders of Dhamtari
in Kandel Villageiv. 20 March 1920 Consider the following statements :
1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21.
2. The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in legislature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Gandhi-Irwin agreement
2. Poona Pact
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4. Civil Disobedience Campaign
Codes:
Where was the first initiative of Mahatma Gandhi as a nationalist in India?
