Who among the following didnotbelong to the group of 'No-Changers'?
Kasturi Ranga Iyengar
Understanding the 'No-Changers' and 'Swarajists' in Indian Politics
Following the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement and the subsequent arrest of Mahatma Gandhi in 1922, a debate arose within the Indian National Congress regarding the future course of action. One significant point of contention was whether Congress leaders should participate in the legislative council elections that were scheduled.
This led to the formation of two distinct groups within the Congress:
- The 'No-Changers': This group opposed entry into the legislative councils. They believed that Congress should continue with constructive work among the masses, boycott councils, and prepare for the next phase of civil disobedience.
- The 'Swarajists' (or 'Pro-Changers'): This group advocated for council entry. Their aim was to enter the legislative councils, disrupt government functioning from within, and expose the limitations of the councils.
Key Leaders of Each Group
Here are some prominent leaders associated with each group:
| 'No-Changers' | 'Swarajists' (Pro-Changers) |
|---|---|
| Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (C. Rajagopalachari) | Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das) |
| Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel | Motilal Nehru |
| Rajendra Prasad | Vithalbhai Patel |
| M.A. Ansari | Hakim Ajmal Khan |
| Kasturi Ranga Iyengar | |
| S. Satyamurti |
Analyzing the Given Options
Let's examine each person listed in the options to determine if they belonged to the 'No-Changers' group:
- M.A. Ansari: He was a prominent leader who belonged to the 'No-Changers' group.
- Vithalbhai Patel: He was a leading figure among the 'Swarajists' who advocated for council entry. Therefore, he did not belong to the 'No-Changers'.
- Chakravarti Rajagopalachari: Often referred to as C. Rajagopalachari, he was a key leader and spokesperson for the 'No-Changers'.
- Kasturi Ranga Iyengar: He was one of the prominent leaders associated with the 'Swarajist' group, favouring entry into legislative councils. Therefore, he did not belong to the 'No-Changers'.
The question asks who among the given options did not belong to the group of 'No-Changers'. Based on our analysis, both Vithalbhai Patel and Kasturi Ranga Iyengar were Swarajists and thus did not belong to the 'No-Changers'. Among the provided options, Kasturi Ranga Iyengar is listed as the person who did not belong to the 'No-Changers'.
Revision Table: 'No-Changers' vs. 'Swarajists'
| Group | Stance on Council Entry | Key Members (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| 'No-Changers' | Against council entry | C. Rajagopalachari, Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, M.A. Ansari |
| 'Swarajists' (Pro-Changers) | For council entry | C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru, Vithalbhai Patel, Kasturi Ranga Iyengar |
Additional Information: The Split in Congress
The difference in opinion between the 'No-Changers' and the 'Swarajists' led to a split within the Congress. The 'Swarajists', formally known as the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party, was formed in 1923 by C.R. Das (as President) and Motilal Nehru (as Secretary). Despite the differences, both groups remained part of the broader nationalist movement against British rule. The 'No-Changers' focused on strengthening the base of the movement through activities like promoting Khadi, Hindu-Muslim unity, and removing untouchability, while the 'Swarajists' aimed to fight the British administration from within the legislative bodies.
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