Which of the following was/were the founder member(s) of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in September 1928? 1. Bhagat Singh 2. Jatindranath 3. Ajay Ghosh 4. Phanindranath Ghosh Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1 only
Understanding the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)
The question asks about the founder member(s) of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA), which was established in September 1928. The HSRA was a revolutionary organization in India that aimed to achieve independence through armed revolution. It was formed through the reorganization of the earlier Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
Examining Potential Founders of HSRA (1928)
The HSRA was founded in September 1928 at a meeting in Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi. Several prominent revolutionaries attended this crucial meeting to restructure the HRA and give it a new name and direction, adding 'Socialist' to its name. Let's look at the individuals mentioned in the options:
- Bhagat Singh: Bhagat Singh was a central figure in the revolutionary movement and played a pivotal role in the renaming and reorganization of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) in September 1928. He was undoubtedly one of the key founders and leading ideologues of the HSRA.
- Jatindranath: Jatindranath Das (often referred to as Jatin Das) was a revolutionary and independence activist. While associated with the HSRA and a participant in revolutionary activities, he is primarily known for his death after a hunger strike in jail during the Lahore Conspiracy Case. Historical accounts typically list him as a member and activist but not explicitly among the primary founders at the September 1928 meeting.
- Ajay Ghosh: Ajoy Ghosh was a prominent member of the revolutionary movement and later became a significant leader in the Communist Party of India. He was associated with the activities of the HSRA. However, sources generally do not list him as one of the core individuals who *founded* the reorganized HSRA in September 1928, although he was part of the broader revolutionary network.
- Phanindranath Ghosh: Phanindranath Ghosh was also associated with the Hindustan Republican Association and subsequently the HSRA. Unfortunately, he later turned approver (government witness) in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, which led to the conviction of many revolutionaries, including Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru. While he was connected to the organization, he is not recognized as a founder and his later actions are controversial within the revolutionary history.
Considering the historical context and the individuals present and instrumental in the September 1928 meeting at Feroz Shah Kotla that led to the birth of the HSRA, Bhagat Singh is consistently cited as a primary founder. While others like Chandra Shekhar Azad were also crucial founders, among the options provided, only Bhagat Singh fits the description of a founder member of the HSRA established in September 1928.
Based on this analysis of the founder members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) established in September 1928, only Bhagat Singh from the given list is definitively considered a founder.
| Individual | Association with HSRA (1928) | Considered a Founder? |
|---|---|---|
| Bhagat Singh | Key leader, instrumental in reorganization & naming | Yes |
| Jatindranath Das | Member, revolutionary activist (Known for hunger strike) | Typically No (Not primary founder) |
| Ajay Ghosh | Member, revolutionary activist | Typically No (Not primary founder) |
| Phanindranath Ghosh | Member (Later turned approver) | No |
Therefore, among the given options, only Bhagat Singh was a founder member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in September 1928.
Conclusion on HSRA Founder Members
Reviewing the options against the historical facts about the foundation of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army in September 1928, only Bhagat Singh from the list of individuals is widely recognized as a key founder. The other individuals were associated with the revolutionary movement and the HSRA, but not typically cited as founders of the reorganized body in September 1928 in the same capacity as Bhagat Singh or Chandra Shekhar Azad.
Thus, the correct option includes only Bhagat Singh.
Revision Table: Key Facts about HSRA
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) |
| Predecessor | Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) |
| Year of Establishment (as HSRA) | September 1928 |
| Place of Establishment | Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi |
| Key Founders (among others) | Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sukhdev, Rajguru |
| Ideology | Socialism, Armed Revolution for Independence |
Additional Information: Revolutionary Activities and HSRA
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was a significant revolutionary organization during India's struggle for independence. Its members were involved in several daring acts against British rule, including the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi (by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt) and the assassination of police officer John Saunders (in which Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were involved). These actions were intended to awaken the Indian population and protest against oppressive laws and actions by the British government.
The HSRA aimed to establish a socialist republic in India. Its leaders were deeply influenced by socialist ideas and believed that political independence must be accompanied by social and economic equality. The organization faced severe repression from the British government, leading to the arrest, trial, and execution of many of its key members.
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