On 31st December 1929, in which of the following Congress Sessions was the proclamation of Purna Swaraj made?
Lahore
Understanding the Purna Swaraj Proclamation
The question asks about the Congress Session where the historic proclamation of Purna Swaraj was made on 31st December 1929. Purna Swaraj means 'complete self-rule' or 'complete independence'. This was a pivotal moment in India's struggle for freedom.
Let's examine the options provided:
- Ahemdabad
- Calcutta
- Lahore
- Lucknow
Analysing the Historic Lahore Congress Session 1929
The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, held in December 1929, was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru. This session is historically significant because it passed the resolution for Purna Swaraj, declaring complete independence as the goal of the Indian freedom movement. On the midnight of 31st December 1929, the newly adopted tricolor flag was hoisted on the banks of the Ravi River in Lahore.
The resolution stated that the Congress would observe 26th January as "Purna Swaraj Day". This date was later chosen as the date when India became a Republic in 1950.
Why Other Options Are Not Correct
- Ahmedabad Session: Important sessions were held in Ahmedabad, but the Purna Swaraj declaration was not made there in 1929.
- Calcutta Session: The Calcutta Session of December 1928 is notable for demanding Dominion Status within a year; failing which, the Congress would adopt Purna Swaraj as its goal and launch a civil disobedience movement. This set the stage for the 1929 Lahore session, but the actual declaration was not made in Calcutta in 1929.
- Lucknow Session: The Lucknow Session of 1916 is famous for the Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League, and the reunion of Congress moderates and extremists. It is not related to the Purna Swaraj declaration of 1929.
Based on historical records, the proclamation of Purna Swaraj on 31st December 1929 was made at the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress.
Revision Table: Key Congress Sessions & Resolutions
| Year | Location | President | Key Resolution/Event |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1916 | Lucknow | Ambica Charan Majumdar | Lucknow Pact (Congress-Muslim League), Congress reunion |
| 1928 | Calcutta | Motilal Nehru | Demand for Dominion Status within one year |
| 1929 | Lahore | Jawaharlal Nehru | Purna Swaraj resolution passed |
| 1931 | Karachi | Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel | Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme |
Additional Information on Purna Swaraj and Lahore Session
The demand for Purna Swaraj represented a significant shift in the objective of the Indian National Congress. Prior to the 1929 Lahore Session, the goal was primarily Dominion Status. However, growing nationalist sentiments and the failure of the British government to meet the demand for Dominion Status within the stipulated time led the Congress, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, to adopt complete independence as its ultimate aim.
The Lahore Session 1929 decision was a landmark event that galvanized the nationalist movement and paved the way for launching the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. The choice of 26th January as Purna Swaraj Day highlights the importance attached to this declaration by the national leaders.
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