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Question

Which one of the following laws is enacted by the Central Government and enforced by the State Governments?

This question was previously asked in
UGC NET 2016 Paper 2 Management Question Paper (22-Jan-2017)
The correct answer is

Factories Act, 1948

The question asks which of the four labour laws is enacted by the Centre but enforced by the States, so the key is to separate central administration from state administration.

The Factories Act, 1948 is a central enactment, yet the Act itself hands its day-to-day administration and enforcement to the State Governments: the states appoint the Chief Inspector and factory inspectors, grant registration and licences to factories, and frame rules on many working-condition matters within the framework of the central Act.

By contrast, the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 and the Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 are run by central statutory bodies - the ESIC and the EPFO - and the Mines Act, 1952 is enforced centrally by the Directorate General of Mines Safety, because mine safety is kept under central control.

So among the four, only the Factories Act is centrally enacted yet state-enforced.

Hence the answer is the Factories Act, 1948.

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