The Geiger-Marsden experiment, also known as the Rutherford gold foil experiment, was crucial in developing the nuclear model of the atom. In this experiment, α-particles were scattered by a thin foil of gold, and the scattering pattern was studied.
One of the key findings was the distribution of scattered α-particles with respect to the scattering angle θ. According to the Rutherford scattering formula, the number of α-particles scattered at an angle θ is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the sine of half the angle, given by:
\(N(\theta) \propto \frac{1}{\sin^4(\theta/2)}\)
This implies that as the scattering angle increases, the number of scattered α-particles decreases significantly. Therefore, the plot of \(N(\theta)\) as a function of θ should show a sharp decrease as θ increases.
Let's analyze the given options. The correct plot should depict the rapid decline of \(N(\theta)\) with increasing θ. Among the given options, the correct plot is:
This plot correctly captures the steep inverse relationship, showing that very few α-particles are scattered at larger angles, with most particles scattered at smaller angles.
In conclusion, the correct plot corresponds to the sharp decrease in the number of scattered α-particles as the scattering angle increases, which is consistent with the predictions of Rutherford's scattering formula.
Similar Questions
Match List I with List II :
List I List II A. $E = h\nu$ I. de Broglie wavelength B. Interference II. Particle nature of light C. $\lambda = h/p$ III. Wave nature of light D. Compton effect IV. Energy of photon
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :In the first excited state of hydrogen atom, the energy of its electron is $-3.4 \text{ eV}$. The radial distance of the electron from the hydrogen nucleus in this case is approximately :
(Take $1 \text{ eV} = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}, \text{ e} = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}$ and $\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} = 9 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2/\text{C}^2$)Four statements are given (A is mass number) :
A. The volume of a nucleus is proportional to $A^{1/3}$.
B. The volume of a nucleus is proportional to A.
C. The difference in mass of an atom and its nucleus is called the mass defect.
D. The difference in mass of a nucleus and its constituent nucleons is called the mass defect.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :- An unknown nucleus has a nuclear density of $2.29 \times 10^{17} \text{ kg/m}^3$ and mass of $19.926 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$. Its mass number A is approximately :
(Take $R_0 = 1.2 \times 10^{-15} \text{ m}$, $4\pi = 12.56$) - A ray of light with wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on three different photo-electric cells namely 1, 2 and 3. The threshold wavelength of these photo-electric cells are $\lambda_1$, $\lambda_2$, and $\lambda_3$, respectively and the magnitude of stopping potentials of these cells are $V_1$, $V_2$ and $V_3$, respectively. The relation between $\lambda$ and threshold wavelengths are $\lambda_1 < \lambda$, $\lambda_2 > \lambda$ and $\lambda_3 \gg \lambda$. The correct option is :
An ideal Zener diode with breakdown voltage of $-3\text{ V}$ is reverse biased with a negative input voltage $V_i = -5\text{ V}$. The magnitude of voltage difference between points B and A is :
- Consider the following nuclear reaction :
$$^{238}\text{U} \rightarrow ^{234}\text{Th} + ^{4}\text{He}$$
Take masses of $^{238}\text{U}$, $^{234}\text{Th}$ and $^{4}\text{He}$ as $238.050\text{ u}$, $234.043\text{ u}$ and $4.003\text{ u}$, respectively. The Q value for the reaction, in keV, is :
[Given : $1\text{ u} = 931.5\text{ MeV c}^{-2}$] - A photon and an electron, each of $20\text{ eV}$ energy, move in free space. The ratio of linear momentum of electron $p_e$ to that of photon $p_{ph}$, $\frac{p_e}{p_{ph}}$ is :
(Take speed of light $= 3 \times 10^8\text{ ms}^{-1}$, charge of electron $= -1.6 \times 10^{-19}\text{ C}$ and mass of electron $= 9 \times 10^{-31}\text{ kg}$) - Consider that an electron is revolving in an excited state of Hydrogen atom with velocity $\sqrt{25.6} \times 10^5\text{ ms}^{-1}$. The radius of the orbit is $x \times 10^{-9}\text{ m}$. The value of $x$ is :
[Take the mass of electron to be $9 \times 10^{-31}\text{ kg}$, charge of electron $= 1.6 \times 10^{-19}\text{ C}$ and $\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} = 9 \times 10^9\text{ N m}^2\text{ C}^{-2}$] - A beam of light falls on a metal surface such that photo-electrons are generated. If power of the light source starts to decrease linearly with time $t$, then variation of the photocurrent $I$ and magnitude of the stopping potential $|V|$ with time is best represented by :
Important Questions from Modern Physics
Assuming in forward bias condition there is a voltage drop of $0.7 \text{ V}$ across a silicon diode, the current through diode $D_1$ in the circuit is ________$\text{mA}$.
(Assume all diodes in the given circuit are identical)
- The ratio of de Broglie wavelength of a deutron with kinetic energy $E$ to that of an alpha particle with kinetic energy $2E$, is $n : 1$. The value of $n$ is ________.
(Assume mass of proton = mass of neutron) : - The wave numbers of three spectral lines of H atom are considered. Identify the set of spectral lines belonging to Balmer series.
(R = Rydberg constant) - 7.9 MeV $\alpha$-particle scatters from a target material of atomic number 79. From the given data the estimated diameter of nuclei of the target material is (approximately) _________ m.
$\left[ \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} = 9 \times 10^9 \text{ Nm}^2/\text{C}^2 \text{ and electron charge} = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C} \right]$ Find the correct combination of A, B, C and D inputs which can cause the LED to glow.
