Direction: Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. A. It is not a walker's paradise. So walking is not a fashionable pastime here. B. London is known for its hectic face, frenzied movements, high decibels and dust kicked by the speeding vehicles. C. On the contrary, life in the countryside is laid back and easy paced. Unless it is raining, people set out for walk. D. For these reasons, Max never went out for a walk, nor did anyone ask him to accompany.
BADC
Understanding Jumbled Sentences and Paragraph Order
The task requires us to arrange the given sentences (A, B, C, and D) in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. To do this, we need to identify the logical connections between the sentences and determine the starting, middle, and concluding parts of the paragraph.
Analysing Each Sentence
- Sentence A: "It is not a walker's paradise. So walking is not a fashionable pastime here." This sentence talks about a place being unsuitable for walking ("not a walker's paradise") and concludes that walking is not popular there ("not a fashionable pastime"). The pronoun "It" refers to a place that must have been introduced earlier. The word "So" indicates a consequence of a previous statement.
- Sentence B: "London is known for its hectic face, frenzied movements, high decibels and dust kicked by the speeding vehicles." This sentence introduces the subject, London, and describes its busy and somewhat unpleasant characteristics, especially related to movement and noise. This seems like a good potential opening sentence as it introduces the topic and place.
- Sentence C: "On the contrary, life in the countryside is laid back and easy paced. Unless it is raining, people set out for walk." This sentence contrasts something with "life in the countryside". The phrase "On the contrary" signals a comparison or opposite situation to what was just discussed. It describes the countryside as suitable for walking.
- Sentence D: "For these reasons, Max never went out for a walk, nor did anyone ask him to accompany." This sentence explains why Max didn't walk. The phrase "For these reasons" indicates that this sentence follows logically from reasons stated previously. The reasons likely relate to the characteristics of the place discussed earlier.
Finding the Correct Sentence Sequence
Let's try to build the paragraph by finding logical links:
- Sentence B introduces London and its busy nature. This is a good starting point.
- Sentence A describes London as "not a walker's paradise" and links this to why walking isn't popular. The description of London in B provides the context for why it's not a walker's paradise. The "So" in A directly follows from the characteristics mentioned in B. So, B followed by A makes sense (B $\rightarrow$ A).
- Sentence D gives a consequence for a person named Max based on "these reasons". The reasons (London's hectic nature, not being a walker's paradise) are described in B and A. Therefore, D logically follows A (A $\rightarrow$ D).
- Sentence C contrasts the situation in the countryside with what has been discussed about London. The phrase "On the contrary" indicates this contrast. It fits well after the discussion about London's unsuitability for walking and Max's behaviour there. Therefore, C logically follows D (D $\rightarrow$ C).
Putting it all together, the logical flow is B $\rightarrow$ A $\rightarrow$ D $\rightarrow$ C. This gives the order BADC.
Verifying the Sequence (BADC)
Let's read the sentences in the BADC order:
B. London is known for its hectic face, frenzied movements, high decibels and dust kicked by the speeding vehicles.
A. It is not a walker's paradise. So walking is not a fashionable pastime here.
D. For these reasons, Max never went out for a walk, nor did anyone ask him to accompany.
C. On the contrary, life in the countryside is laid back and easy paced. Unless it is raining, people set out for walk.
This sequence forms a coherent paragraph. Sentence B sets the scene (London). Sentence A explains the implication of B regarding walking. Sentence D gives a specific example (Max) based on the implications in A and B. Sentence C provides a contrasting scenario (countryside) to highlight the difference from London.
Conclusion
The correct order of the sentences to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph is BADC.
Revision Table: Sentence Ordering Strategy
| Step | Action | Goal |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Read all sentences carefully. | Understand the main idea of each sentence. |
| 2 | Look for the introductory sentence. | Often introduces the main topic or setting (Sentence B). |
| 3 | Identify connecting words/phrases. | Words like "So", "For these reasons", "On the contrary", pronouns ("It") help link sentences (A, D, C). |
| 4 | Find logical cause-and-effect or consequence relationships. | Sentence A follows B (B is a reason for A). Sentence D follows A (A and B are reasons for D). |
| 5 | Identify contrasting or concluding sentences. | Sentence C provides a contrast to the previous discussion about London. |
| 6 | Arrange sentences based on identified links and logical flow. | Form a sequence that makes sense from start to end. |
| 7 | Read the formed paragraph to check coherence. | Ensure smooth transitions and logical progression of ideas. |
Additional Information: Coherence and Cohesion in Paragraphs
A coherent paragraph has ideas that flow logically from one sentence to the next. Cohesion refers to the way sentences are linked together using linguistic devices. Both are crucial for a well-written paragraph.
- Coherence: The ideas are presented in a logical order, making the paragraph easy to understand. This could be chronological order, spatial order, order of importance, or cause and effect. In our example, the order is primarily cause and effect and comparison.
- Cohesion: This is achieved through the use of transition words (like "So", "For these reasons", "On the contrary"), pronouns ("It" referring back to London), and repetition of key ideas or synonyms. These elements create links between sentences, making the paragraph stick together.
Mastering sentence arrangement involves understanding both the logical structure (coherence) and the linguistic links (cohesion) that bind a paragraph together.
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S: to compensate the woman
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P: the university authorities cancelled the ongoing student's union election and
Q: following student's unrest on campus
R: closed till further orders
S: declared the institution
Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, the part of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
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Q: the disaster mitigation agency
R: said that the death toll from
S: in Indonesia has crossed 1500
Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, the part of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
P: scientists say they have developed a new
Q: illnesses such as heart disease and cancer
R: DNA tool that uses machine learning to accurately
S: predict people's height and access their risk for serious
Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, the part of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
P: a rare evergreen tree in the Southern Western Ghats
Q: but researchers have found that
R: common white-footed ants are the best pollinators of
S: bees might be the best-known pollinators
