Describe the challenges of circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV). Add a note on the environmental surveillance and preventive strategies for effective maintenance of Polio elimination
Challenges of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV):
cVDPVs arise from the live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV). Rarely, the vaccine virus can replicate in the gut, mutate, regain neurovirulence, and circulate in under-immunized populations, causing paralytic polio identical to wild poliovirus (WPV). This threatens polio eradication, as cases can occur even where WPV is absent. Detection requires specialized laboratory testing.
Environmental Surveillance:
Regular testing of sewage samples identifies poliovirus circulation before clinical cases appear, providing an early warning system for outbreaks.
Preventive Strategies:
Maintain high immunization coverage with IPV or OPV.
Conduct rapid supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in outbreak areas.
Gradually phase out OPV globally in favor of IPV to eliminate VDPV risk.
Continue robust acute flaccid paralysis and environmental surveillance to prevent re-emergence.
These strategies are vital to sustain polio elimination and prevent future cVDPV outbreaks.
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