Classify jaundice according to its aetiology. Make a tabular representation of the blood, urinary and stool findings observed in different types ofjaundice.
Jaundice, or icterus, is classified based on the site of the underlying defect causing bilirubin accumulation.
1.Pre-hepatic (Hemolytic) Jaundice: Caused by excessive red blood cell breakdown, overwhelming the liver's processing capacity (e.g., hemolytic anemia).
2.Hepatic (Hepatocellular) Jaundice: Results from liver cell damage, impairing bilirubin uptake, conjugation, or excretion (e.g., hepatitis, cirrhosis).
3.Post-hepatic (Obstructive/Cholestatic) Jaundice: Occurs due to obstruction of bile flow from the liver to the intestine (e.g., gallstones, pancreatic tumor).
| Feature | Pre-hepatic Jaundice | Hepatic Jaundice | Post-hepatic Jaundice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood | ↑ Unconjugated bilirubin | ↑ Conjugated & Unconjugated bilirubin | ↑ Conjugated bilirubin |
| Urine | ↑ Urobilinogen, No bilirubin | Bilirubin present, Variable urobilinogen | Dark urine, Bilirubinuria present |
| Stool | Dark (↑ Stercobilin) | Normal or Pale | Pale/Clay-colored (Acholic) |
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