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Question

Write short notes in 150 words:
Draw a well-labelled diagram of human eye and write its functions.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

The human eye is a highly specialized organ that enables vision by detecting light, color, and depth. Its main parts work together to ensure clear sight. The cornea, the transparent outer layer, acts as the eye’s first lens, bending light to focus it. The pupil, the black opening at the center of the iris, regulates the amount of light entering the eye. Surrounding it, the iris—the colored part—controls pupil size through tiny muscles. Behind the iris lies the lens, which adjusts its shape to focus light precisely onto the retina, a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. The retina contains rods, responsible for dim-light and black-and-white vision, and cones, which detect color and fine details in bright light. Light signals are converted into electrical impulses and carried to the brain by the optic nerve. The sclera, the tough white outer covering, protects the eye and maintains its shape.

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