Name the nerves and their branches that supply the sole of the foot stating the specific area of their distribution. Explain in brief what is Morton's metatarsalgia.
The sole of the foot is innervated mainly by branches of the tibial nerve, specifically the medial and lateral plantar nerves, with additional input from the sural nerve. The medial plantar nerve provides sensation to the medial two thirds of the sole, including the medial three and a half toes. It also supplies abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and the first lumbrical. The lateral plantar nerve conveys sensation to the lateral third of the sole and the lateral one and a half toes. It innervates all other intrinsic foot muscles not served by the medial plantar nerve, such as quadratus plantae, adductor hallucis, the interossei, and the lateral three lumbricals. Medial calcaneal branches from the tibial nerve also supply sensation to the heel. Morton’s metatarsalgia, often called Morton’s neuroma, is a painful disorder of the forefoot that produces burning pain, numbness, and discomfort, often aggravated by footwear.
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