Describe the approach to laboratory diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia - chronic phase.
The laboratory diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase relies on a multi-step approach, with identification of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome being central.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential: Often the first clue, showing marked leukocytosis (>100,000/µL) with a left shift (myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands), basophilia, eosinophilia, variable platelet counts, and mild to moderate anemia.
Peripheral Blood Smear: Confirms CBC findings, revealing immature granulocytes, basophilia, eosinophilia, and blasts <10%.
Bone Marrow Examination: Shows hypercellularity, prominent granulocytic hyperplasia, high myeloid-to-erythroid ratio (>10:1), and blasts <10%.
Cytogenetics (Karyotyping): The definitive test identifies t(9;22)(q34;q11), producing the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, pathognomonic for CML.
Molecular Studies (FISH or RT-PCR): Highly sensitive for BCR-ABL1. FISH visualizes the fusion on chromosomes; RT-PCR detects mRNA transcripts, confirming diagnosis, quantifying disease burden, and monitoring treatment response, essential for patient management.
Answered By:
Describe the formation, course and branches of ulnar nerve. Which muscles do each of the branches supply? Why is ulnar nerve called the "musician's nerve"?
Name the nerves and their branches that supply the sole of the foot stating the specific area of their distribution. Explain in brief what is Morton's metatarsalgia.
Classify jaundice according to its aetiology. Make a tabular representation of the blood, urinary and stool findings observed in different types ofjaundice.
Describe the process of generation and conduction of nerve impulses in humans. Add a note on saltatory conduction.
With the help of a suitable diagram, explain the innervation and functions of muscle spindle.
Using a well labelled diagram, trace the taste pathway from circumvallate papillae of tongue to the cerebral cortex.
Enumerate any five tests for the assessment of renal tubular functions. Explain the underlying principle and their interpretation.
Explain the role of biotin in intermediary metabolism with suitable examples. Add a note on the mechanism of action of any biotin-antagonist with its application in medicine.
Define cardiac output and describe the regulation of cardiac output in normal adults. Add a note on Cardiac Index and Cardiac Reserve.
Define Systemic Vascular Resistance and list its determinants. Briefly explain the role of its determinants.
How will you manage a case of misplaced copper-T (Cu-T)?
Describe the embryogenesis, clinical features and principles of management of cleft palate.
Write short notes in 150 words:
Metagenesis
Write short notes in 150 words:
Book lungs
Write short notes in 150 words:
Paedomorphosis