Briefly describe the development of Cell-Mediated Immunity. List the cell types involved, along with their actions.
Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) protects against intracellular pathogens and abnormal cells, primarily involving T lymphocytes. It begins when antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells process and present antigens via MHC molecules to naive T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. CD4+ helper T cells proliferate and secrete cytokines, activating B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) directly kill infected or cancerous cells via perforin and granzyme-induced apoptosis. Memory T cells persist, enabling rapid, robust responses upon re-exposure. This coordinated action ensures effective elimination of intracellular pathogens and maintenance of immune surveillance against abnormal cells.
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