According to Tolman, types of learning are :
Place and response learning
Edward C. Tolman, the purposive (cognitive) behaviourist, argued that animals acquire knowledge of where things are rather than a chain of muscle movements. To test this against the stimulus–response view of Hull, Tolman, Ritchie and Kalish (1946) set up the classic place versus response learning experiments in a cross-shaped (plus) maze.
Place learning: rats always found food in the same location (e.g. the east goal box) whichever start arm they began from, so they had to learn a spatial location. Response learning: rats always had to make the same turn (e.g. turn right) regardless of where the food ended up.
Place learners mastered the task faster, supporting Tolman's claim that organisms form a cognitive map of the environment. Thus Tolman distinguished these two types of learning to show that what is learned is a meaning or expectancy about places, not merely a motor habit.
Observational learning belongs to Bandura's social-learning theory, and sign versus solution learning is Mowrer's two-factor terminology, not Tolman's pairing.
Hence, the answer is Place and response learning.
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