A 45-year-old man presents at orthopaedic OPD with swollen and painful right knee. He gives a history of fall while playing cricket two weeks ago. On examination, his right knee has tenderness, swelling, decreased range of mobility and anterior joint instability.
His MRI scan reveals damage to one of the major knee joint stabilizers.
(I) Name all the ligaments and write their specific roles in stabilization of the knee joint.
(II) Name the most likely structure involved in the given case and write two points to support your viewpoint.
(I) Ligaments and Their Roles in Knee Stabilization:
The knee joint is stabilized by four major ligaments. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) prevents anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur and limits hyperextension. The Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) resists posterior translation of the tibia. The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) stabilizes the medial side, resisting valgus (inward) forces, while the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) stabilizes the lateral side, resisting varus (outward) forces. Together, these ligaments maintain knee stability during movement and weight-bearing.
(II) Most Likely Structure Involved:
The ACL is most likely injured.
Supporting Points:
Mechanism of Injury: Sudden twisting, pivoting, or abrupt stops during cricket or similar activities commonly cause ACL tears.
Clinical Finding: Anterior joint instability is a key sign, reflecting the ACL’s role in preventing forward tibial displacement. Early recognition is critical for diagnosis and surgical planning.
Answered By:
Sarvesh Jha
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