Singhi Chham, also known as Kanchendzonga Dance, is a Sikkim lion dance in which the dancers wear lion costumes to depict the snow lion. It is a Bhutia dance that is supposed to have been introduced in the 18th century by Chador Namgyal, Sikkim's third Chogyal. During the Panglapsool festival, it is commonly played. The dancers wear furry costumes to represent the snow lion and to pay homage to Khang-Chen Dzong Pa. (Kanchenjunga peak). This article will explain to you the concepts related to Singhi Chham which will be helpful in Indian Art and Culture preparation for the UPSC Civil service exam.

Singhi Chham

• Singhi Chham, also known as Kanchendzonga Dance, is a Sikkim lion dance in which the dancers wear lion costumes to depict the snow lion.
• It is a Bhutia dance that is supposed to have been introduced in the 18th century by Chador Namgyal, Sikkim's third Chogyal.
• During the Panglapsool festival, it is commonly played.

Singhi Chham - Features

• There may be two to four snow lions in this dance; each snow lion is made up of two males dressed in a white lion costume with a bluish mane.
• A solitary drummer provides accompaniment to the dance.
• It has a religious significance since the peaks of Kanchenjunga (Khang-Chen Dzonga Pa), which are revered to Sikkimese, are said to resemble the legendary snow lion.
• In Sikkim, the snow lion is generally regarded as a lucky emblem. Despite the fact that opinions on whether or not this animal is supernatural vary, many people believe it exists. The snow-clad lion also has a place in Sikkim's traditional dance, as every dance reflects the place's values and customs.
• The lion of snow and the Singhi Chham dance have become synonymous with Sikkim's culture, and are now a frequent and obligatory part of everything that depicts this culture.
• It's done with such zeal and pride that it's earned a position among the other north-eastern folk dances.
• In fact, the theology that surrounds this dance adds to its celestial and divine nature.

Conclusion

The Singhi Chham Dance has another mythology attached to it. Kangchen Junga is thought to be personified as a five-faced god because the Kanchenjunga Mountain has five peaks. Kangchen Junga was also known for safeguarding the people while riding a white snow lion. As a result, the snow lion became the state's mascot, and people regard it as a mythical creature.

FAQs

Question: What is Singhi Chham?

Question: When is Singhi Chham performed?

Question: What does the snow lion symbolize in Singhi Chham?

Question: Who introduced Singhi Chham in Sikkim?

Question: What are the key features of the Singhi Chham performance?

MCQs 

1. Singhi Chham is associated with which Indian state?

A) Assam

B) Sikkim

C) Kerala

D) Rajasthan

2. What does the snow lion represent in the Singhi Chham dance?

A) Wealth and prosperity

B) Strength, courage, and protection

C) Agriculture and harvest

D) Water and rivers

3. When is the Singhi Chham dance performed?

A) During the monsoon festival

B) Pang Lhabsol festival

C) Harvest season

D) New Year's Eve

4. Who introduced the Singhi Chham dance form?

A) Guru Padmasambhava

B) Chador Namgyal

C) Ashoka the Great

D) Raja Ranjit Singh

5. What type of costume is used in the Singhi Chham dance?

A) Peacock feathers

B) Tiger masks

C) Elaborate snow lion costumes

D) Dragon-shaped helmets

GS Mains Questions and Model Answers

Q1: Explain the cultural significance of the Singhi Chham dance in Sikkimese society.

Answer: Singhi Chham represents the cultural heritage and spiritual beliefs of the Sikkimese people. Symbolizing the mythical snow lion, it is performed during the Pang Lhabsol festival to honor Mount Kanchenjunga, a revered deity. The dance embodies strength, courage, and the connection between humans and nature. By preserving traditional art forms, Singhi Chham highlights the rich legacy and unity of Sikkimese society, reflecting its customs, beliefs, and community pride.

Q2: Analyze the role of Singhi Chham in promoting Sikkim's cultural tourism.

Answer: Singhi Chham plays a significant role in promoting cultural tourism in Sikkim by showcasing the state’s unique traditions and folklore. The captivating performance, symbolic costumes, and spiritual significance attract tourists and researchers alike. It fosters cultural exchange, supports local artisans and dancers, and strengthens Sikkim’s identity as a diverse cultural hub. By preserving this heritage, Sikkim enhances its cultural tourism potential and promotes sustainable development.

Q3: Discuss the historical origins of Singhi Chham and its evolution over time.

Answer: Introduced by Chador Namgyal in the 18th century, Singhi Chham blends traditional Bhutia dance forms with spiritual symbolism to honor the snow lion, representing Mount Kanchenjunga. Over time, it evolved as a central feature of Sikkimese festivals, maintaining its cultural significance. Efforts to preserve and modernize the dance have allowed it to adapt to contemporary cultural expressions, while retaining its historical and religious roots.

Previous Year Questions on Singhi Chham

1. UPSC CSE 2018

Question: Evaluate the role of traditional folk dances like Singhi Chham in preserving regional cultural identity in India.

Answer: Traditional folk dances like Singhi Chham preserve regional cultural identities by showcasing unique customs, beliefs, and rituals. Singhi Chham symbolizes Sikkimese heritage, embodying the spiritual connection with Mount Kanchenjunga. By maintaining such traditions, communities reinforce cultural pride and ensure the transmission of values and folklore to future generations. These dances also foster unity and cultural exchange, contributing to India's diverse cultural fabric.

2. UPSC CSE 2020

Question: How do traditional dances like Singhi Chham contribute to cultural tourism and community development?

Answer: Traditional dances like Singhi Chham promote cultural tourism by attracting visitors and showcasing regional heritage. Such performances support local economies, create employment opportunities, and preserve cultural knowledge. By engaging the community, these dances foster pride and unity, enhancing cultural tourism’s role in sustainable development. Efforts to protect and promote traditional art forms are vital for preserving cultural diversity and supporting community well-being.