Understanding the Coding Decoding Pattern

This question asks us to decipher a code language based on two examples provided and then apply that logic to decode a new word. We need to find the rule or pattern that transforms the original word into its coded form.

Analyzing the Given Examples

Let's look at the first example:

• Original Word: DARK
• Coded Word: CBQJ

We can compare each letter in the original word with its corresponding letter in the coded word. Let's see the change in alphabetical position:

• D to C: Moving one step backward in the alphabet (D → C). This is a $-1$ operation.
• A to B: Moving one step forward in the alphabet (A → B). This is a $+1$ operation.
• R to Q: Moving one step backward in the alphabet (R → Q). This is a $-1$ operation.
• K to J: Moving one step backward in the alphabet (K → J). This is a $-1$ operation.

The pattern for 'DARK' seems to be $-1, +1, -1, -1$. However, this sequence of operations might depend on the type of letter (vowel or consonant) or its position.

Now let's look at the second example:

• Original Word: SOUND
• Coded Word: RPVMC

Comparing the letters:

• S to R: Moving one step backward (S → R), which is $-1$.
• O to P: Moving one step forward (O → P), which is $+1$.
• U to V: Moving one step forward (U → V), which is $+1$.
• N to M: Moving one step backward (N → M), which is $-1$.
• D to C: Moving one step backward (D → C), which is $-1$.

The pattern for 'SOUND' seems to be $-1, +1, +1, -1, -1$. The first two operations ($-1, +1$) are the same as in 'DARK'. Let's consider the type of letters:

• DARK: D (Consonant), A (Vowel), R (Consonant), K (Consonant)
• SOUND: S (Consonant), O (Vowel), U (Vowel), N (Consonant), D (Consonant)

Let's correlate the operation with the type of letter:

• DARK: C, V, C, C → $-1, +1, -1, -1$
• SOUND: C, V, V, C, C → $-1, +1, +1, -1, -1$

It appears that consonants are replaced by the previous letter ($-1$), and vowels are replaced by the next letter ($+1$). Let's verify this rule with both examples:

The rule holds true for both examples.

Applying the Pattern to 'TOXIC'

Now we apply the identified rule to the word 'TOXIC'. The rule is:

• Consonants are replaced by the previous letter.
• Vowels (A, E, I, O, U) are replaced by the next letter.

Let's break down 'TOXIC':

• T: T is a consonant. The previous letter is S.
• O: O is a vowel. The next letter is P.
• X: X is a consonant. The previous letter is W.
• I: I is a vowel. The next letter is J.
• C: C is a consonant. The previous letter is B.

Combining the coded letters, we get SPWJB.

Comparing with Options

Let's check the options provided:

1. SPWJB
2. UPYJD
3. PUYJD
4. SNWHB

Our derived code SPWJB matches the first option.

Revision Table: Coding Pattern Summary

Additional Information on Coding Decoding Questions

Coding-decoding is a common topic in reasoning sections of competitive exams. These questions test your ability to identify patterns and rules in letter or number sequences. Common types of coding include:

• Letter Coding: Letters are substituted based on a pattern (e.g., positional shift, opposite letters, vowel/consonant rules, specific rules based on position). This is the type of question we solved.
• Number Coding: Words are assigned numerical values based on letter positions or other calculations.
• Symbol Coding: Letters or words are replaced by symbols.
• Mixed Coding: A combination of letters, numbers, and symbols is used.

To solve coding-decoding problems, it's essential to know the alphabetical order and their positions (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26). Practicing different types of patterns helps in quickly identifying the logic applied in a given code.