Give a brief account of synthesis, storage, secretion and functions of the posterior pituitary hormones.
The posterior pituitary, or neurohypophysis, stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin), but does not synthesize them. Oxytocin is produced mainly in the paraventricular nucleus and ADH in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. These hormones are packaged into vesicles, transported via axons through the infundibulum, and stored in posterior pituitary terminals. Neural stimulation triggers their release into the bloodstream. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection in lactation. ADH regulates water balance by increasing renal water reabsorption and, at higher levels, induces vasoconstriction, maintaining blood pressure and fluid homeostasis efficiently.
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