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Question

Write a note on abattoir effluent treatment.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Abattoir Effluent Treatment

Abattoir effluent contains high organic load (blood, fat, protein), suspended solids, and pathogens, making it highly polluting. Effective treatment prevents environmental contamination and ensures regulatory compliance.

Treatment Steps:

  • Pre-treatment: Screening to remove solids; grease traps or DAF for fats and oils.
     
  • Primary Treatment: Sedimentation to settle remaining suspended solids.
     
  • Secondary (Biological) Treatment: Aerobic (activated sludge, trickling filters) or anaerobic digestion reduces BOD and COD.
     
  • Tertiary Treatment (Optional): Filtration or disinfection (chlorination, UV) for stringent discharge standards or water reuse.
     

Proper treatment protects water bodies, minimizes environmental impact, and may enable recovery of by-products or biogas.

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