Location of superficial lymph nodes of ox.
In cattle, locating superficial lymph nodes is an essential aspect of clinical examination, as their enlargement often signals local or systemic disease. The parotid lymph node lies ventral to the ear and caudal to the mandible, making it accessible for palpation during head examinations. The mandibular lymph nodes occur in a chain along the ventral border of the mandible, near the angle of the jaw, and are commonly assessed for oral or pharyngeal infections. In the neck, the prescapular (superficial cervical) lymph nodes are found cranial to the shoulder joint, beneath the omotransversarius muscle, and are important for detecting thoracic or forelimb infections. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes vary with sex: mammary lymph nodes in cows are located beside the udder, while scrotal nodes in bulls lie near the scrotum. Lastly, the popliteal lymph nodes are situated in the caudal thigh, superficial to the gastrocnemius muscle.
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