Elucidate the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings and line of treatment of esophagitis in cow.
Esophagitis in cows is inflammation of the esophagus, often debilitating.
Etiology: Common causes include trauma from foreign bodies (sharp feed, plant awns), chemical injury from rumen acidosis or ingestion of caustics, and complications of choke (esophageal obstruction). Infections are rare primary causes.
Pathogenesis: Injury to the mucosa triggers hyperemia, edema, and ulceration, making swallowing painful. Chronic inflammation may cause fibrosis and stricture, obstructing food passage and predisposing to secondary infections.
Clinical Signs: Cows show dysphagia, drooling, regurgitation, anorexia, weight loss, and reduced milk yield. They may stretch or extend the neck due to pain. Severe cases risk aspiration pneumonia from inhaled feed.
Treatment: Management includes fluid therapy, NSAIDs for pain and inflammation, and soft or gruel feed. Obstructions must be removed carefully. Antacids may help reflux-induced irritation. Antibiotics are used if bacterial infection or pneumonia is suspected. Severe strictures may require surgery, though prognosis is guarded.
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