Who among the following was the Governor-General and the Viceroy who passed the acts of incorporation in January 1857, which provided for the establishment of universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras?
Lord Canning
The three "acts of incorporation" passed in January 1857 established the first modern Indian universities — the University of Calcutta, the University of Bombay and the University of Madras — following the recommendations of Wood's Despatch of 1854.
These acts were passed while Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India. Canning later became the first Viceroy of India after the Crown took over administration in 1858, which is why the question names him as "Governor-General and Viceroy." Hence Lord Canning is correct.
Lord Dalhousie, under whom Wood's Despatch was issued in 1854, left India in 1856 — before the 1857 acts were passed — so he is not the answer. Lord Curzon (1899–1905) is remembered for the Indian Universities Act of 1904, and Lord Lansdowne (1888–1894) served decades later; both are far too late to have passed the 1857 acts.
Takeaway: the first three Indian universities (Calcutta, Bombay, Madras) were established in 1857 under Lord Canning.
Correct answer: Lord Canning.
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