Brain drain problem which was dominant in the middle of 20th Century in India is indicative of which one of the following aspects?
(i) Lack of adequate facilities for advanced study and research in India.
(ii) The capacity of the developed nations to buy the talent at a price beyond the means of the developing nations.
(iii) Increase of population and under-utilization of human research.
Choose the correct option from below:
Only (i) and (ii)
Brain drain refers to the large-scale emigration of highly educated and skilled professionals, scientists and scholars from a developing country to the developed nations. In mid-twentieth-century India this outflow was driven by two main factors captured in the statements.
Statement (i) is valid: India then lacked adequate facilities, infrastructure and funding for advanced study and research, so talented people moved abroad to pursue better academic and professional opportunities. Statement (ii) is also valid: the developed nations, with far greater economic strength, could attract and retain this talent by offering salaries, research grants and living standards that developing nations simply could not match, effectively purchasing skilled human capital at a price beyond the means of poorer economies.
Statement (iii), which links brain drain to population increase and under-utilization of human resources, does not correctly capture the classic mid-century brain drain phenomenon; that phenomenon is explained by the pull of superior facilities and pay abroad rather than by demographic pressure. Because statement (iii) is not an accurate indicator, every option that includes it is ruled out, leaving the combination of the first two statements as correct.
Correct answer: Only (i) and (ii)
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