The political strategy Struggle -Truce- Struggle or S-T-S came into prominence with a call for
Khilafat issue
This question was deleted by BPSC in the final answer key for Set G, and the reason is that the strategy is a description of the Gandhian phase of the national movement as a whole, not of a single call, so no option is unarguably right. The best available answer is the Khilafat issue, option 4, because the Khilafat call of 1920 launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, which is the first movement conducted in this pattern.
What the strategy means. The term comes from Bipan Chandra’s analysis of the national movement. He contrasts two models of struggle against a state :
| Model | Shape | Where seen |
|---|---|---|
| Struggle-Victory (S-V) | A single sustained assault carried through to the seizure of power | Revolutionary insurrections |
| Struggle-Truce-Struggle (S-T-S) | A phase of intense mass struggle, then a phase of truce and consolidation, then a renewed and higher phase of struggle | The Gandhian national movement |
Why the movement took this shape. A mass movement cannot be sustained indefinitely: people tire, leaders are jailed, and repression exhausts the organisation. The periods of truce were used to consolidate gains, build the organisation, spread constructive work, and prepare the next round — so that each phase of struggle began from a higher level of political consciousness than the last. The sequence is visible in the record :
Non-Cooperation (1920-22) → truce and constructive work → Civil Disobedience (1930-34) → truce, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and office acceptance → Quit India (1942)
Why the question cannot be answered cleanly. If “came into prominence” means the first Gandhian mass movement, the answer is the Non-Cooperation Movement, launched on the Khilafat and Punjab wrongs — hence option 4. If it means the movement in which the pattern of truce and renewal was most clearly displayed, the answer is Civil Disobedience, which is not offered at all. The Swadeshi Movement of 1905 predates the strategy, and Quit India was its final phase rather than its beginning.
Hence, the best available answer is the Khilafat issue, with the caveat that BPSC deleted the question.
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