Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the Gaya Session of 1922 ?
Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das presided over the Gaya session — option 3, and the session was held at Gaya in Bihar in December 1922.
Why the session matters. The Non-Cooperation Movement had been suspended in February 1922 after the violence at Chauri Chaura, and Gandhi was in jail. The Congress had therefore to decide what to do next, and Gaya is where it split over the answer :
| Group | Position | Leaders |
|---|---|---|
| Pro-changers | Enter the legislative councils created by the 1919 Act and wreck them from within, rather than boycott them | C. R. Das, Motilal Nehru, Hakim Ajmal Khan |
| No-changers | Continue the boycott and concentrate on constructive work — khadi, national schools, temperance, Hindu-Muslim unity | C. Rajagopalachari, Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, M. A. Ansari |
C. R. Das, though presiding, was defeated on his own resolution. He therefore resigned the presidency, and on 1 January 1923 he and Motilal Nehru founded the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party — the Swaraj Party — with Das as president and Motilal Nehru as secretary.
What the Swarajists achieved. They contested the elections of November 1923 and did well, winning 42 of 101 elected seats in the Central Legislative Assembly and a clear majority in the Central Provinces. In the Assembly they defeated government bills, forced the appointment of the Muddiman Committee on the working of dyarchy, and made the councils a platform for nationalist argument rather than a stage of collaboration.
About C. R. Das. Called Deshbandhu, he was the barrister who defended Aurobindo Ghosh in the Alipore Bomb Case, gave up a very large practice for the movement, was the first Mayor of Calcutta, and died in 1925 — a loss Gandhi described as irreparable.
Why option 2 is a fair distractor. Hakim Ajmal Khan presided over the Congress at the Ahmedabad session of 1921 — the year before — because C. R. Das, the elected president, was in jail. Two adjacent sessions, two adjacent names.
Hence, the answer is Chittaranjan Das.
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