One member voted against and two abstained, so three members did not vote in favour — option 3.

What happened. On 18 April 2024 the United Nations Security Council voted on a draft resolution, moved by Algeria, recommending to the General Assembly that the State of Palestine be admitted as a full member of the United Nations. The Council has fifteen members, and the result was:

The question asks for those who “rejected or abstained”, which is 1 + 2 = 3.

Why the resolution failed despite twelve votes in favour. A substantive resolution needs nine affirmative votes and the absence of a negative vote from any of the five permanent members. The twelve votes easily cleared the first requirement, but the single American vote against was a veto, and that alone defeated the draft. It is a clean illustration of how the veto works — an abstention by a permanent member does not block a resolution, but a negative vote does.

What followed. Blocked in the Council, the matter went to the General Assembly, which on 10 May 2024 adopted a resolution by 143 votes to 9, with 25 abstentions, upgrading Palestine’s rights as an observer and declaring it qualified for membership. The Assembly cannot admit a state on its own, however: under Article 4 of the Charter, admission requires a recommendation from the Security Council, so Palestine remains a non-member observer state, a status it has held since 2012.

Hence, the answer is 3.