Correct Answer: Armenia and Azerbaijan

The treaty signed on 13 March 2025 is a landmark agreement that officially ended one of the world’s longest-running "frozen conflicts."

Key Facts about the Treaty:

The Region: The conflict centered on Nagorno-Karabakh, a mountainous territory internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but previously governed by ethnic Armenians.

The Breakthrough: After nearly 40 years of tension and multiple wars (notably in the 1990s and 2020), both nations agreed to a "Peace and Establishment of Interstate Relations" treaty.

Territorial Integrity: Both countries formally pledged to recognize each other’s 1991 borders, effectively settling the dispute over land sovereignty.

Normalization: Beyond stopping the fighting, the treaty established a roadmap for opening diplomatic embassies and restoring transportation routes between the two nations.

Summary of the Conflict Resolution:

Note: This 2025 agreement is considered a turning point for the South Caucasus, moving the region away from decades of military instability toward economic cooperation.