One statement is given followed by two conclusions. Decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statement. Statement: As income increases, cars become more affordable. Conclusion I: With greater use of technology, cars are now cheaper than they were a generation ago.
Neither I nor II follows
Analyzing Statement and Conclusions on Car Affordability
Let's carefully analyze the given statement and the two conclusions to determine which conclusion, if any, can be definitely drawn.
Understanding the Statement
The statement provides a direct relationship:
- Statement: As income increases, cars become more affordable.
This statement tells us that there is a positive correlation between income level and the affordability of cars. Higher income means cars are easier to afford (relative to that income).
It's important to note what the statement does not say. It does not mention:
- Technology's impact on car prices.
- Historical car prices (e.g., compared to a generation ago).
- The number of cars.
- Traffic problems.
- Future technological solutions.
Evaluating Conclusion I
Let's look at the first conclusion:
- Conclusion I: With greater use of technology, cars are now cheaper than they were a generation ago.
Does the original statement support this conclusion? No. The statement only links current income levels to current car affordability. It says nothing about:
- Whether technology makes cars cheaper.
- Whether cars are cheaper now than in the past.
Conclusion I introduces external factors (technology, historical time comparison) that are not mentioned or implied in the given statement. Therefore, we cannot definitely draw Conclusion I from the statement.
Evaluating Conclusion II
Now let's examine the second conclusion:
- Conclusion II: Cars will become so numerous that no future technology will solve the traffic problem.
Does the original statement support this conclusion? Again, no. The statement is solely about the relationship between income and car affordability. It provides no information about:
- The future number of cars.
- Future traffic conditions.
- The capability of future technology to solve problems like traffic.
Conclusion II discusses future scenarios and problems (car numbers, traffic, future technology) that are completely outside the scope of the provided statement. Therefore, we cannot definitely draw Conclusion II from the statement.
Conclusion Analysis Summary
Let's summarise the analysis:
| Item | Content | Supported by Statement? | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Statement | As income increases, cars become more affordable. | N/A (Premise) | This is the given information. |
| Conclusion I | Technology makes cars cheaper now than a generation ago. | No | Statement doesn't mention technology or historical prices. |
| Conclusion II | Cars will become numerous, traffic unsolvable by future tech. | No | Statement doesn't mention car numbers, traffic, or future technology. |
Since neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II can be logically deduced from the information given in the statement, neither conclusion definitely follows.
Revision Table: Statement and Conclusion Logic
| Concept | Description | Key Takeaway for MCQs |
|---|---|---|
| Statement | A given piece of information assumed to be true. | Only use the information explicitly provided in the statement. |
| Conclusion | An inference or deduction made based *only* on the statement. | A valid conclusion must *necessarily* follow from the statement, without adding outside information. |
| Drawing Conclusions | Process of determining if a conclusion is logically supported by the statement. | Avoid making assumptions based on general knowledge; stick strictly to the statement's facts. |
Additional Information: Logical Reasoning Tips
When tackling statement and conclusion questions in logical reasoning, keep these tips in mind:
- Strict Adherence: Base your decision *only* on the information given in the statement. Do not use your general knowledge, common sense, or facts from the real world unless the statement explicitly allows it (which is rare in these types of questions).
- Look for Direct Support: A valid conclusion must be directly supported by the statement. If the statement talks about 'A causing B', a conclusion about 'C' cannot be drawn unless 'C' is linked to 'A' or 'B' within the statement.
- Identify Scope: Understand the scope of the statement. Does it talk about past, present, or future? Does it discuss specific entities or general concepts? Conclusions outside this scope are usually invalid.
- Negate and Test: Sometimes, trying to imagine a scenario where the statement is true but the conclusion is false can help. If you can find such a scenario, the conclusion does not definitely follow.
- Avoid Assumptions: Do not assume relationships or facts not stated. For instance, if the statement says 'Some A are B', you cannot conclude 'All A are B' or 'No A are B'.
Similar Questions
Given below is a statement followed by two conclusion numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, even if it appears at variance from commonly known facts. Then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them information given in the statement.
Statement:
A research found that if high school students get eight hours of sleep instead of 6 hours before exam, then their marks improve by 20%
Conclusions:
I. Eight hours of sleep is better than six hours of sleep if a student wants better marks.
II. Student are stressed as all exams are tough.
A statement is given, followed by two conclusions. Decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statement.
Statement: Quality food is expensive. The restaurant owners are renovating the restaurant as the furniture had become old.
Conclusion:
I. The quality of the restaurant’s food will improve.
II. All restaurants have to be renovated when their furniture becomes old.
A statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusion. Choose the conclusion that logically follows from the given statements.
Statement: All hardworking worker in the factory have been promoted in the last five year:Consider the given statement true and decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the information given in the statement.
Statement:
The population in metro cities in increasing tremendously which leads to the shortage of living space and a drop-in living conditions of the people.
Conclusion:
1.Government should re-plan city development
2.Government should demolish illegal buildings and build cottages for people.
Consider the given statements as true and decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statements.
Statements:
People think that paying tax to government is a burden and waste. Hence, they avoid paying tax or don’t pay tax promptly.
Conclusions:
- Government should create awareness among the people that paying tax helps to build nation.
- Tax should be increased so that more money is collected.
Decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the information given in the statement.
Statements:
Politicians marry only beautiful girls. X is a beautiful girl.
Conclusions:
1. X will marry a politician.
2. X won’t marry a politician.Consider the given statement true and decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statements.
Statement:
People complain that bus tickets are not available during festival seasons.
Conclusions:
1. People should be advised not to travel during festival seasons.
2. The government should bring in more buses during festival seasons.
Decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the information given in the statement.
Statements:
Poverty is increasing because politicians don’t understand poverty, nor do they know anything about the problems faced by the poor.
Conclusions:
- All politicians should be replaced.
- All politicians should be asked to live in poor conditions.
- Given below is a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assume everything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow (s), beyond a reasonable doubt, from the information given in the statement.
Statement: The colour of blood is red due to the presence of red blood cells.
Conclusion I: If red blood cells are removed, blood will lose its red colour.
Conclusion II: Red blood cells will be red as long as they remain in the blood. A statement is given, followed by two conclusions. Decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the given statement.
Statement:
Emotional Quotient is a good predictor of success in career.
Conclusions:
I: The top 10 employees in a division will have the top 10 Emotional Quotients.
I: Finding the Emotional Quotient of a candidate will give the hiring company extra useful information.
Important Questions from Statements and Conclusions
A situation is given, followed by two conclusions I and II. Read the situation and both the conclusions carefully and select the correct answer.
Situation:
Since the past 15 years, 75% of the products in the world’s pottery market comes from Country K. However, the employment in the pottery industry of Country K has been consistently declining by 5-9% every year since the past 3 years.
Conclusions:
I. Even after declining employment, Country K has enough potters to continue contributing equally to the international market.
II. The local demand of pottery in Country K has substantially decreased leading to less interest among potters.
The statement below is followed by three conclusions labelled I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the three suggested conclusions logically follows for pursuing.
Statements:
1) No school is an institution but they are establishment.
2) All establishments that are not institutions have buildings.
Conclusions:
I. Schools are not establishments.
II. All schools have buildings.
III. Schools do not have buildings.Read the given statements and conclusion carefully and decide which of the following options is true with respect to the given conclusion.
Statements:
The Gateway of India is in Mumbai.
Mumbai is in India.
Conclusion:
The Gateway of India is in India.
Read the given statements and conclusion carefully and decide which of the following options is true with respect to the given conclusion.
Statements:
Men who are handsome are generally of the intellectual type.
Vikram is handsome.
Conclusion:
Vikram is intellectual.Given is a statement, followed by four conclusions. Read the statement carefully and decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the given statement.
Statement:
This book can help because all good books help.
Conclusions:
I. This is not a good book.
II. This is a good book.
III. No good book helps.
IV. Some good books help.
