Match the type of validity with its major source of problem:LIST 1 (Validity Type) LIST 2 (Description/Threat) (a) Construct validity (i) Faulty or poor measure, resulting in mislabeling/ misinterpreting behaviour (b) External Validity (iii) Sample of participants was not representative (c) Internal Validity (ii) Treatment and no-treatment groups were unequal before the study began
(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii)
To solve this problem, we need to correctly match the given types of validity with their respective major sources of problems. Let's break down each type of validity:
- Construct Validity: This refers to the accuracy with which a test measures the concept it is intended to measure. A major issue can arise if the measures or tools used are faulty or poor, leading to the mislabeling or misinterpreting of behavior. Thus, the correct match is (i) "Faulty or poor measure, resulting in mislabeling/misinterpreting behavior."
- External Validity: This pertains to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. A significant threat to external validity is if the sample of participants is not representative of the larger population. Therefore, the correct match is (iii) "Sample of participants was not representative."
- Internal Validity: This is concerned with the degree to which the study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between the treatment and the observed effect. A major threat occurs if the treatment and no-treatment groups were unequal before the study began. Hence, the correct match is (ii) "Treatment and no-treatment groups were unequal before the study began."
Thus, the correct matching of the validity types with their problems is:
(a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii)
This matches with the option clear as follows:
- (a) Construct validity - (i) Faulty or poor measure
- (b) External Validity - (iii) Sample of participants was not representative
- (c) Internal Validity - (ii) Treatment and no-treatment groups were unequal
Therefore, the correct option is (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii).
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