Match the List-I with List-II Choose the correct answer from the options given below:LIST I
Approaches of Management LIST II
ExplanationA. Decision theory approach I. Managing is seen as mathematical process B. Management science approach II. Managerial practice depends on circumstances C. Operational approach III. Focus is on making decisions D. Contingency approach IV. Draws together concepts, principles, techniques and knowledge from other fields of managerial approach
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II — option 1.
| Approach | Explanation | Content |
|---|---|---|
| A. Decision theory approach | III — focus is on making decisions | Treats decision making as the core of management. Associated above all with Herbert Simon, whose ideas of bounded rationality and satisficing — managers settle for a satisfactory rather than an optimal choice, because information and cognition are limited — won him the Nobel Prize |
| B. Management science approach | I — managing is seen as a mathematical process | Also called the quantitative or operations-research approach. Problems are expressed as mathematical models and solved by linear programming, queuing theory, simulation, game theory, PERT and CPM. Its limitation is that it handles what can be quantified and is weak on the human element |
| C. Operational approach | IV — draws together concepts, principles, techniques and knowledge from other fields | Koontz’s own position. It takes management as a distinct discipline built round the managerial functions —> planning, organising, staffing, directing, controlling — while drawing whatever is useful from other schools. It is his proposed way out of the “management theory jungle” |
| D. Contingency approach | II — managerial practice depends on circumstances | Also called the situational approach. There is no one best way; the right structure, style and system depend on the situation — technology, environment, size, the people. “It all depends” is its slogan, and it is the direct denial of the classical search for universal principles |
How to solve it quickly. Two pairings are nearly self-evident from the words themselves: decision theory with making decisions, and contingency with depending on circumstances. Fixing A-III and D-II eliminates every option except 1.
Why so many approaches exist. Harold Koontz counted the competing schools — empirical, interpersonal behaviour, group behaviour, cooperative social systems, sociotechnical systems, decision theory, systems, mathematical, contingency, managerial roles and operational — and called the confusion the “management theory jungle”. Each school illuminates one aspect and mistakes it for the whole; the operational approach is his attempt at synthesis.
The systems approach is worth adding, since it underlies the contingency view: an organisation is an open system of interdependent parts exchanging inputs and outputs with its environment. If the environment differs, so must the organisation — which is exactly the contingency conclusion.
Hence, the answer is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.
Similar Questions
Match List - I with List - II.
List - I
(Name of Study)List - II
(Name)A. Time and motion study I. Koontz and Donnell B. Hawtdorne experiments II. Elton Mayo C. Universalist approach III. F.W. Taylor D. Bureaucracy IV. Max Weber Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Robert L Katz identified three kinds of skills for administrators. Which among the following skills was NOT identified by Katz?
Match the following and select the correct code of matching :
List - I List - II (a) F.W. Taylor (i) Fair day's pay for fair day's work (b) Henry L. Gantt (ii) Motion study (c) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (iii) Graphic scheduling for planning and controlling of work (d) Max Weber (iv) Bureaucratic organization Code :
Assertion (A) : Taylor stressed on revival of interest in human resources at work by focussing on increased production by rationalizing everything.
Reason (R) : He assumed that “workers want to earn maximum for minimum work”. Codes :
According to Henry Fayol, which one of the following combinations of qualities are required in a manager?
Neo-classical organisation theory emphasises on which one of the following?
Important Questions from Theories of Management
The following statements relate to value based organisations. Choose the correct code for the statements being correct or incorrect.
Statement I: Nature of a corporation has been analysed by theorists as private rights theory, social institution theory, contractual theory of the firm.
Statement II: Nature of the corporation has been explained by input-output model under stakeholder theory; each stakeholder group constituency is integral to the operation of a corporation.
In which of the following streams was Classical theory of organisation developed ?
1. Bureaucracy
2. Administrative Theory
3. Scientific Management
________ argues that managers merely act as custodians of the organization and its operational activities.
- Match List I with List II related to Elton Mayo's Experiments on Human Relations.
List I (Experiment) List II (Year) (a) Philadelphia textile mill
experiment(i) 1924-27 (b) The Great Illumination
Experiment(ii) 1928-31 (c) Special study of Human
attitudes and sentiments
(Interviewing Programme)(iii) 1923 (d) Bank wiring experiment (iv) 1931-32 - Consider the following statements and choose appropriate answer from the options given below.
Statement I: Gullick and Urwick developed organisational principles.
Statement II: According to Gullick and Urwick the Co-ordination through authority is an important principle of organisation.
