Match the following columns.Pardoning power Function 1. Commutation a. Removes both sentence and the conviction. 2. Reprieve b. Lesser sentence than originally given, in special case 3. Respite c. Reducing the period of sentence without changing th
of the sentence.4. Remission d. Temporary stay on the execution of a sentence. 5. Pardon e. Substitution of one form of punishment to a lighter or
1-e, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c, 5-a
The pardoning power of the President is granted by Article 72 of the Indian Constitution (the Governor holds a similar but narrower power under Article 161). These powers act as a constitutional safety valve, allowing the executive to correct possible judicial errors or to show mercy on humanitarian grounds. Although the five terms sound similar, each modifies a sentence in a distinct way, so precise matching is essential.
The correct correspondence is as follows:
| Power | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Commutation | Substitution of one form of punishment with a lighter form (for example, a death sentence changed to rigorous imprisonment). The type of punishment changes. |
| Reprieve | A temporary stay on the execution of a sentence, especially a death sentence, so the convict can seek a pardon or commutation. It only postpones — it does not cancel. |
| Respite | Award of a lesser sentence than originally prescribed, owing to a special fact about the convict such as pregnancy or physical disability. |
| Remission | Reduction of the period of a sentence without changing its character (for example, 5 years' rigorous imprisonment cut to 2 years, still rigorous imprisonment). |
| Pardon | The widest power: it completely absolves the convict, removing both the sentence and the conviction, so the person is treated as innocent. |
Matching each term gives 1–e (Commutation → substitution to a lighter form), 2–d (Reprieve → temporary stay), 3–b (Respite → lesser sentence in special cases), 4–c (Remission → reduced period, same nature) and 5–a (Pardon → removes sentence and conviction). This corresponds to the pairing 1-e, 2-d, 3-b, 4-c, 5-a.
The other combinations fail because they pair Pardon with anything other than the total removal of sentence and conviction, or link Reprieve with a permanent change rather than a temporary stay, or confuse Commutation (change of form) with Remission (reduction of period). Only the keyed combination keeps every distinction intact.
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