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Question

According to the Article 75 of the Indian Constitution, the total number of ministers (including the Prime Minister) in the Council of Ministers shall NOT exceed what percentage of the total members of the House of the People, i.e., Lok Sabha?

The correct answer is

15%

The correct answer is 15%. This limit was introduced by Article 75(1A) of the Indian Constitution, which was inserted through the 91st Constitutional Amendment Act of 2003. It states that the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent of the total number of members of the House of the People (Lok Sabha).

The purpose of this provision was to curb the practice of forming oversized, jumbo cabinets. Before the amendment, ruling parties sometimes inflated the Council of Ministers to accommodate defecting legislators and reward political supporters, which strained public finances and encouraged horse-trading. The same 91st Amendment also strengthened the anti-defection law, so limiting cabinet size and discouraging defections went hand in hand.

Applying the figure: the Lok Sabha has 543 elected members, so the maximum permissible size of the Council of Ministers is 15% × 543 ≈ 81 ministers, including the Prime Minister. A similar 15% cap, with a minimum floor of twelve ministers, was also applied to state legislative assemblies.

Why the other options are incorrect: Ten per cent would be too restrictive and does not match the constitutional text. Twenty per cent and twenty-five per cent would permit far larger cabinets than the amendment intended and are not the figures laid down in Article 75(1A). Only fifteen per cent is the correct constitutional ceiling.

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