Understanding the Analogy Question

The question asks us to find the word that completes the analogy: 'Kidney' is related to 'Organ' in the same way as 'Apple' is related to '__________'. Analogy questions test our ability to see relationships between pairs of words or concepts and apply that same relationship to another pair.

Analyzing the Relationship: Kidney and Organ

Let's look at the first pair given: 'Kidney' and 'Organ'. What is the relationship between a Kidney and an Organ?

• A Kidney is a specific type of Organ.
• 'Organ' is a broader category, and 'Kidney' is an example belonging to that category.

So, the relationship is one of Specific to General Category, or Member to Class.

Applying the Relationship to Apple

Now we need to apply the same relationship to 'Apple'. We are given 'Apple' and need to find the general category it belongs to, such that Apple is a specific type of that category.

'Apple' is related to '__________' in the same way that 'Kidney' is related to 'Organ'. This means Apple is a specific type of the missing word.

Evaluating the Options

Let's examine the given options to find which one fits the required relationship:

1. Medicine: Is an Apple a specific type of Medicine? While apples have health benefits, an apple itself is not classified as a type of medicine in the same way a kidney is classified as an organ. This relationship does not match.

2. Fruit: Is an Apple a specific type of Fruit? Yes, an apple is a common example of a fruit. This relationship perfectly matches the Specific to General Category relationship observed between Kidney and Organ.

3. Juicy: Is an Apple a specific type of Juicy? Juicy is a quality or characteristic that an apple might have, not a category it belongs to. This relationship does not match.

4. Red: Is an Apple a specific type of Red? Red is a colour that some apples can be, not a category they belong to. This relationship does not match.

Conclusion

Comparing the relationship in the first pair ('Kidney' : 'Organ') with the relationships suggested by the options for the second pair ('Apple' : ?), we find that the relationship between 'Apple' and 'Fruit' is the same as the relationship between 'Kidney' and 'Organ'. An Apple is a type of Fruit, just as a Kidney is a type of Organ.

Therefore, the word that completes the analogy is 'Fruit'.

Revision Table: Analogy Breakdown

Additional Information: Understanding Analogies

Analogies are powerful tools used in reasoning and language. They help us understand new concepts by comparing them to things we already know. In verbal reasoning tests, analogy questions assess:

• Vocabulary knowledge.
• Ability to identify relationships between words (e.g., part-whole, cause-effect, synonym, antonym, object-quality, specific-general).
• Ability to apply the identified relationship to a new set of words.

Common types of relationships in analogies include:

• Part to Whole: Finger : Hand (Finger is a part of a Hand)
• Cause and Effect: Study : Grade (Studying can cause a good grade)
• Synonyms: Happy : Joyful (Happy is a synonym of Joyful)
• Antonyms: Hot : Cold (Hot is an antonym of Cold)
• Object and Quality: Fire : Hot (Fire is characterized by being Hot)
• Performer and Action: Writer : Write (A Writer performs the action Write)

Practicing different types of analogies helps improve logical thinking and verbal skills.