Under forward-bias conditions, what is the primary mechanism that creates forward current across a PN junction?
Majority carriers crossing the junction to become injected minority carriers that diffuse through the neutral regions
A PN junction in equilibrium has a depletion region near the metallurgical junction and a built-in barrier potential that opposes the movement of majority carriers. When the junction is forward biased (p-side made positive with respect to the n-side), the applied voltage opposes and reduces this built-in barrier, narrowing the depletion region and allowing carriers to cross.
The primary current mechanism under forward bias is therefore:
This injection and diffusion of minority carriers constitutes the forward (diffusion) current, so the correct description is majority carriers crossing the junction to become injected minority carriers that diffuse through the neutral regions.
The other options are physically wrong: forward current is dominated by diffusion, not by drift due to an enhanced barrier field — in fact forward bias reduces the barrier field, so the choice invoking an enhanced internal field is incorrect. Protons do not move in a semiconductor (they are fixed in the nuclei of the lattice), so no current arises from any "creation of protons." And carriers do not freeze or stop at the junction under forward bias — that would describe a blocked/reverse condition, the opposite of the forward-conduction behaviour being asked about.
Before breakdown, increasing reverse voltage causes reverse saturation current to __________.
The existence of cut-in voltage in a diode is mainly due to the presence of __________.
What is the main disadvantage of a half-wave rectifier?
Consider an abrupt p-n junction under thermal equilibrium. If the acceptor doping concentration (NA) in the p-region is made significantly larger than the donor doping concentration (ND) in the n-region (i.e., $N_A ≫ N_D$), how is the depletion region physically distributed?
At room temperature, the region in a PN junction diode where there are no mobile electrons or holes is called __________________.
Diode junction breakdowns above 5 V are caused by:
The leakage current in a pn junction is of the order of:
For a PN junction, we have
A. Width of depletion layer
B. Junction barrier voltage
C. Reverse leakage current
Which of the above parameters will decrease when the temperature of the junction rises?
The depletion region consists of:
In the P-N junction, the barrier voltage